Week 3 - Blood Components And Products Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the different components of blood?
Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
Granulocytes
Cryoprecipitate
General information
Once blood is collected it can be homogenised, centrifuged and fractionated to separate the blood components to store them separately.
What is the use of red blood cells once taken from an individual and stored?
They are used to replace lost red blood cells from anaemia
How should red blood cells be stored?
Temperature: 2 - 6 degrees celsius
Storage time: normally between 28 - 49 days.
NHSBT - 35 days
Irradiated red cells - 14 days after irradiation date
Cells for neonatal exchange - 24 hours from prep
washed red cells - 14 days
Can leave fridge for around 30 mins and returned within 30 mins
What is the use of granulocytes once taken from a donor and stored?
Used for patients with life threatening tissue/organ infection
Must be irradiated due to high risk of white cell engraftment
How should be granulocytes be stored?
Temperature: 20 - 24 degrees celsius
Storage time: 24 hours from preparation
What is the use of platelets once taken from the donor and stored?
Used for to treat patients with a low platelet count.
How are platelets stored?
Temperature: 20 - 24 degrees celsius
Storage time: can be stored for 5-7 days
Need to be agitated so they are continuously oxygenated
Can leave storage fir upto 30 mins
What is the use of fresh frozen plasma once taken from the donor and stored?
It is used to treat and prevent bleeding caused by clotting factor deficiencies like liver disease etc
What is the use of cryoprecipitate
It is made by thawing fresh frozen plasma at 4 degrees celsius which produces a cryoglobulin containing lots of fibrinogen, VW factor
Used to treat bleeding associated causing low fibrinogen
How should fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate be stored?
Temperature: below -25 degrees celsius
Storage time: up to 36 months.
Once thawed can be stored for 24 hours at 2 - 6 degrees celsius
What is a plasma derivative?
Medicinal products that are made from human plasma donations
Learn the rest of the slides on blood products
What changes occur in red blood cells when stored?
- Sodium/potassium pump immobilised (decrease in potassium, increase in sodium)
- glucose levels decline
- acidosis due to low ph levels.
- oxidative stress, osmotic fragility
What does gamma radiation do to stored red blood cells?
Exacerbate storage lesions, so abcs have a shorter expiry date.
As blood clots quite quickly when take from an individual, what is used to help stop this?
A sterile anticoagulant called citrate phosphate dextrose
How do the ingredients of citrate phosphate dextrose work to help with anti coagulation of whole blood?
Citrate - works as the anticoagulant by removing calcium ions
Phosphate - counteracts the loss of phosphate during storage
Dextrose - prevents the loss of ATP
What else is added to stored red blood cells to help combat the effects of storage?
Saline Adenine Glucose (SAG)
How do the ingredients of Saline Adenine Glucose (SAG) help to combat the effects of storage on rbcs?
Saline - maintains volume and osmolarity
Adenine - cell shape restoration, maintains ATP concentration and viability
Glucose - prevents the loss of ATP to enable longer storage of rbcs
What else can be used to help elongate storage of rbcs?
Mannitol added into SAG.
Helps protect the nbc membrane ad helps to reduce haemolysis
What are the special requirements of transfusion
- Leucodepletion
- Irradiated
- Phenotyped
- Fresh blood
- cytomegalovirus (CMV negative)
Describe leucodepletion
- Helps to inhibit the immune response to prevent transfusion reactions
- Reduces CMV transmission
- Is done by filtration to selectively retain white blood cells
Describe irradiation?
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Describe phenotyped as a special requirement
Used to prevent severe transfusion reactions in patients with alloantibodies.
Also used for patients who are transfusion dependent (sickle cell, beta thallasaemia), women of child bearing age
