Week 3 (Chapter 18, 20, 24) Flashcards
What are engrams?
the material change in the brain that is associated with a particular memory
Synaptic weight can be strengthened by _____, and weakened by ______
- long-term potentiation
- long-term depression
Neural circuits underlying instinctual behaviour are programmed by the _____
genome
What are label lines and what do they do?
- they connect perceptual input with appropriate motor outputs
- provide the basis for many instinctual behaviours
Long-term memory is attributed to _____
strengthened synaptic weight
Short-term memory does not require ______
new gene expression or protein synthesis
What would the administration of protein synthesis inhibitors after training do?
Long-term retrograde amnesia of the trained behaviour
What is information specificity?
The ability to manipulate engrams of specific isolated experiences
Apparently lost memories can be due to _______, but the learned information _______
- impaired access to engrams
- remains intact
Engram cells tagged by the same experience in different regions of the brain ______
are connected to each other
What is an ingram?
A genetically encoded engram containing information useful for survival
What functions are the hippocampus necessary for?
episodic memory and information regarding spacial relationships
According to the temporal context model, how are memories stored?
Based on the point in time they occurred
Upon a lesion in the hippocampus, what kinds of task performance are impaired?
Memory tasks that require the representation of spatial, temporal, or situational context
In humans and rats, what do hippocampal activity patterns carry information about?
context, rather than the object itself
Core functions of the hippocampus may emerge because _______
hippocampal cell assemblies tend to fire in sequential order over short intervals
What is a spatiotemporal scaffold?
a segment of experience that can be associated with other inputs in a novel environment, or through error-driven learning in a familiar environment
What do hippocampal cell assemblies predict?
future states
What are hippocampal cell assembly sequences?
overlapping populations of neurons that are active across successive time points
Consolidated memories can return to ______, nd can be _______
- their unstable states
- diminished, enhanced, or modified
What is cue-induced amnesia (reconsolidation)?
Amnesia for a consolidated memory that can be induced if a reminder is presented before amnestic manipulation
What are the three stages of the reconsolidation effect?
Reactivation, destabilization, reconsolidation
What happens during reactivation?
An inactive memory becomes active again via firing of the neurons that initially encoded the memory
What is trace dominance?
The idea that a retrieved memory can only become destabilized if it is the dominant memory trace in the brain at the moment
