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CAPS - Beer/Sake > Week 3 - Clear Spirits > Flashcards

Week 3 - Clear Spirits Flashcards

(138 cards)

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1
Q

What is distillation in general?

A

The action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling (Oxford Dictionary)

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2
Q

What is distillation with regards to alcohol?

A

An act of boiling and condensing alcohol within a still

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3
Q

Is a spirit a fermented beverage?

A

No

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4
Q

How do spirits and wine/beer differ?

A

A spirit is the product of distillation of a fermented beverage

Wine are beer are fermented beverages

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5
Q

What is a spirit?

A

A spirit is the product of distillation of a fermented beverage

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6
Q

How does the process of distillation work?

A

Alcohol has a lower boiling point than water

This allows alcoholic vapours to be separated from water

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7
Q

Is distillation a new practice?

A

No. Been practiced for thousands of years

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8
Q

Name 2 vessels in which distillation can occur:

A

Pot Still

Continuous Still

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9
Q

With regards to distillation, what is a “wash”?

A

Fermented liquor
Anything with sugar in it

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10
Q

How does distillation in a pot still work (describe the first four steps involving heat)

A

Wash poured into vessel and closed

Heat applied

Liquid turns to vapour

Vapour travels up vessel into a condensing coil

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10
Q

Why is copper important in stills:

A

Conducts heat efficiently

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11
Q

How does distillation in a pot still work - chilling part.

A

Vapours in condensing coil cooled and turned back to liquid

Separated into another vessel

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12
Q

Number of vapour types:

A

3: Head, middle and tails

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13
Q

Describe the first vapours:

A

The “head”

Contain methanal and toxic alcohol

Discarded

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14
Q

Describe the middle vapours

A

Desired

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15
Q

Describe the final vapours:

A

The “tails”

Unwanted congeners tend to collect in the vessel as residue

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16
Q

What is a congener:

A

A minor chemical constituent

Gives a distinctive character to a wine or liquor

Responsible for some of its physiological effects

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17
Q

Describe the retained spirit from a pot still:

A

Flavourful

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18
Q

What is a Column Still?

A

See the pic stupid

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19
Q

How many columns does a Column still have?

A

2

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20
Q

What are the names of the columns in a Column Still?

A

The analyzer and the rectifier

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21
Q

How does a Column Still vaporize alcohol?

A

Uses steam versus direct heat

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22
Q

What is the result of using steam as opposed to direct heat a Pot Distiller?

A

Resulting spirit is condensed to a more pure state

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23
Q

Negative impact of using steam in a Column Still to vaporize alcohol:

A

Strips flavour

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24
Appearance of spirits after distillation
After distillation, all spirits are colourless
25
Name 13 clear spirits:
Vodka Gin White rum White whiskey Tequila Mezcal Cachaça Pisco Grappa Eau de vie Bailiu Shochu Sojo
26
Where vodka originated:
Different examples from Poland, Russia and Sweden - 1700's
27
What is vodka made from:
Grain or potatoes
28
What can modern brands use a vodka base
Corn Sweet: sugar cane, fruit, honey and maple syrup
29
Type of still used to make vodka:
Continuous Still
30
Material used to filter vodka? Why?
Charcoal to make the spirit ultra clean
31
Describe vodka
Clear, tasteless, odourless
32
Vodka ABV:
40%
33
What does "neat" mean:
Served straight from the bottle, without any ice or mixers Room-temperature spirit Typically enjoyed in a rocks glass, shot glass, snifter, or similar.
34
How is vodka served:
Neat Chilled from freezer Over ice Cocktail base
35
Five vodka based cocktails:
Cosmo Vodka martini Screwdriver Caesar Bloody Mary
36
Vodka brands:
Grey Goose Belvedere Chopin Absolute Iceberg Titos
37
Gin typically distilled from:
Grain - usually wheat or barley
38
Gin is redistilled with....
Botanicals
39
Principal flavouring agent of gin:
Juniper berries
40
Why can gins vary in flavour?
Different herbs and spices lead to various styles and flavours
41
Gin ABV:
40%
42
Navy Strength gin ABV:
Min 57%
43
Gin based cocktails:
Gin and tonic Negroni Gin martini Gimlet
44
Gin brands:
Beefeater Bombay Sapphire Tanqueray
45
Production method, botanicals and flavour profile of London Dry Gin:
Neutral spirits; botanicals during distillation Juniper berries, coriander seeds, Angelica root Dry, piney, delicate citrus
46
Production method, botanicals and flavour profile of Plymouth Gin:
Made in Plymouth; less dry than London Dry Juniper berries, lemon zest, orris root Smooth, mellow, spice, earthiness
47
Production method, botanicals and flavour profile of New Western Dry Gin:
Juniper forward, non-traditional botanicals = uniqueness Lavender, cucumber, elderflower Herbal, floral, fruity, bit sweet
48
Production method, botanicals and flavour profile of Old Tom Gin:
Sweetened with sugar or molasses after fermentation Juniper berries Licorice root Sweet, malty, full bodied
49
Production method, botanicals and flavour profile of Genever Gin:
Original style; aged in old oak Juniper berries, malt wine Similar to whiskey; rich, malted flavour
50
What is white rum made from:
Sugarcane or molasses
51
Production method(s) or White Rum:
Fermented and distilled "Flavourless" and colourless
52
Origin of White Rum:
Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico
53
White Rum Jamaican flavour profile:
Banana and pineapple
54
White Rum Cuban flavour profile:
Light bodied vanilla and citrus
55
White Rum Puerto Rican flavour profile:
Dry, crisp, vanilla hint
56
White rum cocktails:
Mojitos Daiquiris Cuba Libre
57
What is Tequila Blanco made from:
Blue Agave
58
How is Blue Agave treated before being mashed:
Heart of the Blue Agave is roasted and mashed to extract juice
59
In the Tequila making process, what is the roasted blue agave cooked in?
Above-ground ovens or autoclaves
60
Main areas of Tequila production:
Jalisco Nayarit Guanajuato
61
Tequila Blanco is designed to be made into what:
Cocktails
62
Three different ageing of Tequila Blanco
Tequila Blanco (no ageing) Tequila Reposada (2-12 months) Tequila Anejo (1-3 ears in oak)
63
Tequila flavour profile:
Smooth Herbal Earthy Slightly sweet
64
Tequila cocktails:
Margueritas Palomas
65
Base material of Mezcal
Cooked and fermented hearts of agave plants
66
Name of the heart of the agave plant:
Piñas
67
In what are Mezcal piñas cooked?
Large underground pits lined with volcanic rock Fueled with burning wood and covered with dirt
68
Number of agave varietals:
Agave Espadín
69
Home of Mezcal:
Oaxaca Durango Guanajuato
70
Mezcal flavour profile:
Savoury and smokey
71
How Mezcal is traditionally served:
Straight
72
Cocktails containing Mezcal:
Old Fashioned Margueritas Negroni Paloma
73
Base material for White Whiskey:
Grain-based unaged spirit
74
White Whiskey aromas:
Powerful and bold despite not being aged in oak
75
White Whiskey can be substituted for what:
Gin or vodka in cocktails
76
White Whiskey adds what characteristics:
Texture Sweetness Richness Freshcut grain note
77
What is Grappa?
An Italian pomace brandy
78
How is Grappa made:
Distilling grape skins, seeds and stems left over fromm winemaking
79
Grappa flavours:
Bold and fruity with herbal and floral notes
80
Grappa naming requirement:
Can be called Grappa if made in Italy
81
What is Grappa commonly used for:
Digestif after a meal
82
How is Grappa served:
Neat
83
Eau de Vie base:
Clear fruit brandy
84
How is Eau de Vie made:
Distilling different fruits: apples, cherries, pears, plums
85
Eau de Vie aromas:
Powerful flavour and aromas
86
Role of Eau de Vie:
Digestif
87
How Eau de Vie is served:
Neat in a small tulip glass
88
Describe Baijiu:
An ancient Chinese spirit
89
Baijiu base:
Sorghum, rice or wheat
90
How long does it take to ferment Baijiu:
Months or even years
91
When is Baikiu served?
Formal events or business meetings
92
Name of cups Baijiu is served in:
"Ganbei" - Everyone takes a shot together for unity and good fortune
93
History of Baijiu:
Since Ming Dynasty Originally had a medical use
94
Baikiu culture:
Important to Chinese culture and cuisine
95
What is Shochu:
A Japanese distilled beverage
96
Shochu base:
Rice, barely, sweet potato, wheat
97
Shochu ABV:
25-45%
98
How Shochu is served:
On the rocks Mixed with tonic or soda Straight up
99
What is Soju:
A Korean distilled beverage
100
History of Soju:
Dates back to 14th century
101
Soju base:
Rice, wheat, barley and water
102
Soju flavour profile:
Crisp Apple Burnt rice
103
How Soju is served:
A shot Chilled and taken in small shots Mixed cocktails
104
What is Cachaça?
A Brazilian distilled sugarcane juice
105
Where must Cachaça be made in order to be authentic:
Brazil
106
Cachaça flavour profile:
Spicy Sweet
107
Cachaça cocktail:
Caipirinha Base for tropical cocktails
108
What is Pisco:
South American brandy
109
Where is Pisco made:
Peru and Chile
110
Pisco ABV:
38-48%
111
How many times is Pisco distilled:
Once (unique feature)
112
Pisco flavour profile:
Smooth Fruit and floral notes
113
Pisco cocktail:
Pisco sour
114
What does "rectifying" refer to in distillation terms
Taking the distillate and then redistilling to remove even more impurities
115
What happens to a spirit after repeated distillation
Becomes more refined Flavour decreases Becomes more neutral
116
Vodka is for what kind of customer:
People who don't like alcohol because it is flavourless and clear
117
Why can white rum sometimes be mistaken for vodka:
White rum is distilled many times so the remaining flavours are very subtle and can be mistaken for neutral vodka
118
How many times can Agave be harvested?
Only once Time to grow and environmental impact is significant
119
Describe an Agave plant:
Not a cactus; is a succulent
120
Where is Joven Mezcal consumed? Where is aged Mezcal consumed?
Joven: consumed locally Aged: exported
121
Notable trait of White Owl White Whiskey brand:
Aged in oak, but then charcoal filtered to remove colour
122
Soju ABV:
20-30% ABV
123
Describe a Cosmopolitan:
124
Describe a Vodka Martini:
125
Describe a Screwdriver:
126
Describe a Caesar:
127
Describe a Bloody Mary:
128
Describe a Mojito:
129
Describe a Daiquiri:
130
Describe a Cuba Libra:
131
Describe a Marguerita:
Mezcal or Tequila Blanco
132
Describe a Palomas:
133
Describe an Old Fashioned:
134
Describe a Negroni
Mezcal or Tequila Blanco
135
Describe a Caipirinha
136
Describe a Pisco Sour
137

CAPS - Beer/Sake (3 decks)

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