WEEK 3 - Exercise & Diet

Question 1

fat intake is directly linked to…

Answer 1

various forms of heart disease through physiological mechanisms

Question 2

fat intake is indirectly linked to disease…

Answer 2

related 2 disease by effect on weight and obesity

Question 3

what are the food groups and intake should be…

Answer 3

fruit & veg- 5+per day
bread/pasta/cereal- should be high in fibre
meat & fish- moderate amount and low fat
Milk/dairy- moderate and low fat
fatty& sugary- infrequent

Question 4

eating disorders are associated with

Answer 4

physical problems such as heart attack, stunted growth, osteoporosis & reproductive problems

Question 5

obesity is associated with…

Answer 5

diabetes, heart disease and cancer

Question 6

diet and treating illness

Answer 6

diet can be used to treat conditions such as obesity, angina, heart disease, disease or after heart attack are recommended to change their diet

Question 7

diet and diabetes

Answer 7

central to type 1 and 2, often aimed 2 produce weight loss. 10% reduction improves glucose metabolism

Question 8

diet for children in western world…

Answer 8

too much fat, not enough fruit and veg

Question 9

diet for children in developing world results in…

Answer 9

under eating- causes physical, cognitive problems and poor resistance 2 illness

Question 10

three models of eating behaviour

Answer 10

cognitive, developmental and weight concern

Question 11

cognitive model of eating behaviour

Answer 11

research explores role of cognition on predicting intentions to consume specific foods
memory and mindless eating play a role

Question 12

developmental model of eating behaviour

Answer 12

highlights importance of learning & experience, and food preferences in childhood

Question 13

three factors of developmental model of eating behaviour

Answer 13

exposure, social learning and associative learning

Question 14

exposure factor and eating

Answer 14

mere exposure can change childrens eating preferences

Question 15

social learning and eating

Answer 15

positive association between parents and children diets, as well as media ads promoting unhealthy foods

Question 16

associative learning and eating

Answer 16

impact of continent factors on behaviour- stimuli and eating

eg. conditioned taste aversion or food as a reward increases food acceptance

Question 17

weight concern model of eating behaviour

Answer 17

food changes weight and shape of body, therefore body dissatisfaction results in dieting- media also plays a role- social pressure influences eating

Question 18

exercise and health

Answer 18

sedentary life increases development of disease such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes, cancer- exercise is health protective

Question 19

exercise is defined as…

Answer 19

planned/structured discrete episodes of activity- non-sedentary behaviour that leads to energy expenditure including a wide range of things

Question 20

Physical benefits of exercsie

Answer 20

increased longevity & life expectancy (+ 2.5 years if >2000 per week, if sitting <3 hrs a day +2 years) regardless of weight

Question 21

effects of exercise on physiology

Answer 21

enhances fnction of circulatory, respitory and skeletal and muscle systems
immune responses improve

Question 22

shape of immune response to exercise

Answer 22

J shaped

Question 23

what is exercise used as a treatment for

Answer 23

obesity, CHD, backpain, injury, constipation, headachesm diabetes & CFS

Question 24

Psychological benefits of exercise

Answer 24

increase brain activity and plasticity, including structural growth of the brain

Question 25

brain plasticity in response to exercise

Answer 25

causes functional and structural plasticity- aerobic exercise increases the production of neurotrophic factors

Question 26

neurotrophies

Answer 26

proteins that stimulate growth of brain tissue

Question 27

which brain areas grow in repsonse to exercise

Answer 27

prefrontal and anterior cingulate corticies nucleus accumbens hippocampus & cerebellum

Question 28

relationship between exercise and mental health

Answer 28

improves psyc wellbeing in people with depression, neg moods, stress, ADHD & addiction

Question 29

exercise effects mental health by (2 ways)...

Answer 29

1. inducing release of opiates (endorphins) producing a natural high- reducing cortisol (stress hormone) 2. stimulating the release of catechlomines such as noradrenaline and adrenaline- enhancing mood, decreasing stress, reducing muscle tension

Question 30

how does exercise regulate stress

Answer 30

exercise reduces cortison production in response to stress by releasing it in an intensity dependent manner (therefore when stressed less cortisol is released)

Question 31

relationship between ADHD and exercise

Answer 31

those who exericsed reguarly show increased cognitive performance and brain function, inhibituory control and better allocation of attentional resources

Question 32

addiction and exercise

Answer 32

more exercise decreases cocain intake in rats, manages cravings & prevent addiction (potential adjunct therapy)

Question 33

theory of planned behaviour and exercise

Answer 33

significant correlations between exercise intention & attitude, subjective norm & percieved behavioural control that account for involvement in exercise

Question 34

self efficacy model and exercise

Answer 34

a person will be more likely to exericse if: 1. perception of mastery is increased 2. there is participatory modelling 3. verbal persuasion from others 4. optimum arousal overall, increased SE = improved engagment and performance

Question 35

Stages of Change model and exercise

Answer 35

``` precontemplation= sedentary (no intention) contemplation= considering value/need to exercise preperation= intending to in near future action= physcially active but only in last month maitenance= active 4 several months ```