Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS372 > Week 3: Fetal Assessment > Flashcards

Week 3: Fetal Assessment Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

ultrasound major use (6)

A

1) confirm pregnancy and viability
2) determine gestational age and due date
3) prenatal screening - NT, fetal anatomy, congenital anomalies
4) assess amniotic fluid volume
5) detect fetal growth and position
6) detect placenta previa or abruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 Non-invasive prenatal screening

A

1) enhanced first trimester screening (eTFS)
2) Second trimester serum screening
3) Integrated prenatal screening (IPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

enhanced first trimester screening (eTFS)

A

ultrasound for nuchal translucency and blood work
- 11-14 weeks
- related to changes in chromosomes
- nuchal translucency >3mm, correlated with higher risk of genetic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

second trimester serum screening

A

14-20 weeks
blood work
ultrasound to look for neural tube defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

integrated prenatal screening (IPS)

A

Only covered for + previous screening, carrying twins, or advanced maternal age (>40)
- screens for trisomy 13, 18, 21, and some sex linked chromosome disorders
- anytime after weeks 9-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CVS / Amniocentesis timing and Reason for use, and indications

A

Chorionic villus sampling - 10-13 weeks
Amniocentesis - >15 weeks

used if screening test is abnormal or in other high risk circumstances - transabdominal and extract amniotic fluid

indications: genetic information, fetal maturity, fetal hemolytic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

maternal potential complications of CVS / Amniocentesis

A
  • Hemorrhage
  • fetomaternal hemorrhage
  • Infection
  • Labour
  • Abruption placentae
  • Damage to intestines or bladder
  • Amniotic fluid embolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fetal potential complications of CVS / Amniocentesis

A
  • death
  • hemorrhage
  • infection (aminontitis)
  • needle injury
  • miscarriage/preterm birth
  • amniotic fluid leakage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biophysical profile

A

more depth ultrasound to assess fetal wellbeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 components of biophysical profile

A
  • 4 ultrasound assessments
  • A Non-stress test that evaluates fetal heart rate & response to movement
  • score is /10 with non-stress test, score is /8 if only ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 biophysical variables

A

fetal movement
fetal tone
fetal breathing movements
amniotic fluid volume
fetal heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain the biophysical profile scoring

A
  • 8 and above is reassuring
  • 6 but normal amniotic fluid volume - retest in 24h
  • 6 but abnormal amniotic fluid we are concerned for asphyxiation of fetus
  • less than 6 it is abnormal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

common causes of bleeding early in pregnancy

A

miscarriage
premature cervix dilation
ectopic pregnancy
molar pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when does a miscarriage/spontaneous abortion occur

A

prior to 20 weeks or 500g fetal weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

risk factors for misscarriage

A

maternal endocrine imbalances
diabetes
immunological factors
systemic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

symptoms and investigation of miscarriage

A

uterine bleeding
cramping, low back pain
b-hCG test
CBC to screen
emotional support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

threatened abortion

A
  • mild to moderate bleeding
  • mild cramping
  • cervix closed
  • possibility of miscarriage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Inevitable miscarriage

A
  • heavy bleeding
  • cervix is opening
  • tissue may be present
  • moderate to severe cramping
  • may have ruptured membrane (amniotic fluid leaking)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Incomplete miscarriage

A
  • passed products of pregnancy
  • part of placenta is still inside
  • heavy and long bleeding, bad smell
  • cervix remains open
  • fever may be present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complete abortion

A
  • individual passed all products
  • bleeding stops
  • cervix begins to close
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

missed abortion

Study These Flashcards
A
  • baby is dead and stopped growing
  • no bleeding, no pain
  • may need to induce birth
21
Q

recurrent miscarriage

Study These Flashcards
A

2 or more sequential losses with no successful pregnancies inbetween

22
Q

dilation and currettage

Study These Flashcards
A

surgical management when cervix is dilated
- remove contents via currettage
- therapeutic, inevitable, incomplete

23
Q

health and teaching after miscarriage

Study These Flashcards
A
  • vaginal bleeding/spotting for several days
  • seek help if bleeding longer than 10 days, excessive or bright red
  • watch for signs of infection
  • emotional responses are normal
  • follow up appointments 2-4 weeks
24
premature dilation of cervix
another cause of abortion - passive and painless dilation with no contractions - caused by cervical insufficiency - may result in miscarriage or preterm birth
25
management of premature dilation
- restricted activity - hydration - cervical cerclage to constrict internal os (risk: unintentional rupture, remove at 35-37 weeks)
26
ectopic pregnancy
- ovum implanted outside of uterine cavity - fallopian tube, ovary, abdominal cavity, cervix
27
symptoms of ectopic pregnancy
- abdominal pain (dull to sharp) - stabbing pain - delayed menses - abnormal vaginal spotting 6-8weeks after LMP
28
medical management of ectopic pregnancy
- tubal abortion - methotrexate to dissolve tubal pregnancy - monitor for severe abdominal pain
29
surgical management of ectopic pregnancy
- depends on location, cause, extent - Salpingectomy - remove entire tube - salpingostomy - remove POC gently to preserve future fertility
30
Molar pregnancy
abnormal growth in uterus by tissue that should have become a fetus - benign proliferation of placenta trophoblasts triggering pregnancy symptoms - not a viable pregnancy, no embryo
31
signs of molar pregnancy
- fundal height a lot larger then normal - hCG levels are too high (excessive nausea and vomiting) - dark purple, cyst like products - pre-eclampsia - vaginal discharge from brown to bright red
32
risk factors of molar pregnancy
advanced maternal age molar pregnancy history
33
treatment of molar pregnancies
- spontaneous passage - suction curettage - do not use oxytocin/prostaglandins due to increased risk of embolization of trophoblastic tissue
34
bleeding in late pregnancy causes
placenta previa placenta abruption
35
placenta previa
placenta implanted in lower uterine segment and covers the cervix and internal os -> blocking vaginal canal (partial or complete cover)
36
complete previa
covers whole internal os
37
marginal previa
edge of placenta is 2.5cm or closer to internal os
38
risk factors of placenta previa
- previous history - previous c-section - suction curettage causing endometrial scarring - multiparity - advanced maternal age - smoking
38
diagnosis of placenta previa
transvaginal U/S
39
Clinical manifestations of placenta previa
- painless, bright red bleeding - 2nd or 3rd trimester - soft abdomen, relaxed, non-tender, normal tone - presenting part of fetus is higher up
40
complications of placenta previa
- hemorrhage - abnormal placental attachment - IUGR, preterm birth, fetal anemia
41
Placenta abruption
detachment of part of all of placenta from implantation site
42
risk factors of placenta abruption
- HTN - cocaine use - blunt trauma to abdomen - smoking - PPROM - thrombophilia
43
how is placenta abruption categorized
class 1, 2, 3 depending on amount of separation, amount of bleeding, and pain
44
concealed placenta abruption
placenta is semi-detached (edges are still attached) - large hematoma is forming and no active bleeding
45
complete placenta abruption
no perfusion to fetus - very significant
46
partial placenta abruption
detached from lower segment - bleeding present - ischemic pain response - abdomen is rigid and tender
47
treatment of placenta abruption
- depends on gestational age and severity - antenatal steroids to promote lung development - fetal surveillance - c-section if fetus is compromised
48
clinical symptoms of placental abruption
depend on degree of separation - dark red bleeding - abdominal or low back pain - hypertonic uterus in stage 2 or 3 - abnormal FHR or fetal death - maternal hypovolemia - clotting defects (deactivation of DIC) - maternal death

NURS372 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions