Week 3: HF & Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

What type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy with preserved systolic function and impaired relaxation?

Answer 1

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 2

What type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by increased LV chamber size and systolic dysfunction?

Answer 2

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 3

What is the most common cause of congestive heart failure?

Answer 3

Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction
(CMD)

Question 4

In hypertension, increased arterial pressure leads to?

Answer 4

left ventricular
hypertrophy

Question 5

What medication should be taken with a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 5

Rapidly acting fibrinolytic agent (heparin)

Question 6

What values would indicate Pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 6

Abnormal if >25 mm Hg or in patients
with COPD if >20 mm Hg

Question 7

A murmur heard in Mitral area in systole would indicate which valve disease?

Answer 7

Mitral regurgitation

Question 8

Mitral regurgitation would be considered what type of murmur?

Answer 8

Systolic murmur / Holosystolic murmur

Question 9

Tricuspid regurgitation would be considered what type of murmur?

Answer 9

Systolic murmur / Holosystolic murmur

Question 10

Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis would be considered what type of murmur?

Answer 10

Snap diastolic murmur

Question 11

Mitral/Tricuspid regurgitation can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 11

Between S1 and S2

Question 12

Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 12

Between S2 and S1

Question 13

Aortic valve regurgitation can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 13

Between S2 and S1

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation?

Answer 14

• High systolic pressure with lower diastolic pressure
  means wider pulse pressure
• Bounding Pulse

Question 15

Aortic valve regurgitation can best be heard where?

Answer 15

ERBS area

Question 16

Aortic Valve Stenosis can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 16

Between S1 and S2

Question 17

Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 17

Between S2 and S1

Question 18

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis can be heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 18

Between S1 and S2

Question 19

A mid to late systolic murmur heard at Pulmonic area and a split S2 is characteristic of?

Answer 19

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Question 20

Early diastolic decrescendo murmur heard in ERBS area during inspiration is characteristic of?

Answer 20

Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation

Question 21

Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis mainly caused by?

Answer 21

Rh fever (Rheumatic)

Question 22

What is a common clinical
manifestation of heart
failure?

Answer 22

Pulmonary edema

Question 23

What type of heart failure is characterized by blood back up into left atrium and lungs?

Answer 23

Left Sided HF

Question 24

What type of heart failure is characterized by blood back up into right atrium and venous vasculature?

Answer 24

Right Sided HF

Question 25

What type of heart failure is characterized peripheral edema?

Answer 25

Right Sided HF

Question 26

What type of heart failure is characterized shortness of breath and cough?

Answer 26

Left Sided HF

Question 27

Raised jugular venous distention is a common symptom of which type of HF?

Answer 27

Right Sided HF

Question 28

Cerebral hypoxia is a common symptom of?

Answer 28

Left Sided HF

Question 29

Which Functional Classification of HF will NOT see a decrease in ejection fraction?

Answer 29

Diastolic failure

Question 30

Which functional classification of HF Reduces SV, CO, EF?

Answer 30

Systolic Failure

Question 31

(T/F) S3 is heard in HF patients?

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by no trouble with breathlessness except with strenuous exercise?

Answer 32

Grade 0

Question 33

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by trouble with shortness of breath when hurrying on the level or walking up a slight hill?

Answer 33

Grade 1

Question 34

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by walking slower than people of the same age on the level because of breathlessness or has to stop for breath when walking at own pace on the level?

Answer 34

Grade 2

Question 35

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by Stopping for breath after walking about 100 meters or after a few minutes on a leveled surface?

Answer 35

Grade 3

Question 36

Per the Functional Dyspnea Scale, which grade is characterized by being too breathless to leave the house or breathless when dressing or undressing?

Answer 36

Grade 4

Question 37

In lab findings elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is characterized by what value?

Answer 37

Normal levels are < 100pg/mL > 400 pg/ml indicative of HF

Question 38

What are possible adverse side effects of Ace inhibitors?

Answer 38

dry cough and rash

Question 39

What are possible adverse side effects of Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Answer 39

slight risk of angioedema, hyperkalemia

Question 40

What are possible adverse side effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs)?

Answer 40

impotence and gynecomastia

Question 41

What are possible adverse side effects of Diuretics?

Answer 41

Therapeutic concerns-electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, monitor for OH

Question 42

What are possible adverse side effects of beta-blockers?

Answer 42

hypotension, blunts HR with exercise

Question 43

What are possible adverse side effects of If Channel Blockers (Ivabradine)?

Answer 43

blurred vision, bradycardia and headaches

Question 44

What are possible adverse side effects of Cardiac glycosides (Digitalis)?

Answer 44

Arrythmias/bradycardia

Question 45

What are possible adverse side effects of Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs)?

Answer 45

hyperkalemia, renal failure, angioedema with overlap of ACE-Is and ARBs

Question 46

When are IF Channel Blockers (Ivabradine) indicated?

Answer 46

Indicated for patients with symptomatic HFrEF (LVEF< 35%) and HF>70bpm

Question 47

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Abdominal obesity?

Answer 47

Elevated Waist circumference M> 40 inches, F>35inches

Question 48

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Reduced Serum HDL?

Answer 48

M <40,g/dL, F<50mg/dL

Question 49

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Elevated Serum triglycerides?

Answer 49

> 150mg/dL

Question 50

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with elevated fasting plasma glucose?

Answer 50

> 100mg/dL

Question 51

What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in patients with elevated BP?

Answer 51

>130/85 mmHg

Question 52

What is the PT's role in helping patient's with Metabolic Syndrome for exercise?

Answer 52

Regular exercise - 150min/week of mod intensity aerobic activity, - resistance training 2x week