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Pther 350 > week 3 - hip, thigh and glutes > Flashcards

week 3 - hip, thigh and glutes Flashcards

1
Q

connection of the hip joint

A

connects the bony pelvis and the lower limb

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2
Q

hip joint classification

A

synovial ball and socket joint

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3
Q

functions of hip joint

A

weight baring and placement of foot in space

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4
Q

hip joint movements

A

flexion, extension
adduction and abduction
internal and external rotation

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5
Q

acetabulum

A

hollow area on the lateral aspect of the hip
formed by the ilium, ischium and pubic

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6
Q

lunate surface - acetabulum

A

articular surface which is a raised horseshoe-shaped ring
covered in hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

transverse ligament of the acetabulum

A

bridges the gap between the ends of the lunate surface
converts the gap into a foreman
passage for artery to femur

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7
Q

transverse ligament of the acetabulum

A

bridges the gap between the ends of the lunate surface
converts the gap into a foreman
passage for artery to femur

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8
Q

acetabular fossa

A

hollowed out area in the middle of the horseshoe articular surface

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9
Q

ligament of the head of the femur

A

connects the acetabular fossa with the fovea on the femur
not a real ligament, tissue wrapped in synovial membrane
not for stability

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10
Q

artery of head of femur

A

branch of obturator
travels in the ligament of the femur

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11
Q

acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartiloginous ring surrounding the edge of the lunate surface and transverse ligament
projects outwards to deepen the acetabulum

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11
Q

acetabular labrum

A

fibrocartiloginous ring surrounding the edge of the lunate surface and transverse ligament
projects outwards to deepen the acetabulum

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12
Q

acetabular labrum functions

A

increase congruence and stability
increase contact area and joint volume

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13
Q

head of femur

A

3/4 shaped sphere covered in articular cartilage and fits into the acetabulum

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14
Q

fovea - head of femur

A

small pit on top, not covered by hyaline cartilage, attachment point for the ligament of the head of the femur

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15
Q

fibrous capsule

A

thick, strong and extensive
attaches medially from the hip bone just beyond the rim of the acetabulum
attaches to the intertrochanteric line of the front and just before the intertrochanteric crest

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16
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule
encloses: articular surface, acetabular fossa ad fat pad, lig of femur, transverse lig, acetabular labrum and neck of femur

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17
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

Y shaped that reinforces the front of hip
attaches from the acetabular margin and the inferior iliac spine
its fibres then spiral to front and insert in the intertrochanteric line
resists extension

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18
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

on the inferior side of hip
attaches from the obturator crest of pubic and runs laterally down to the fibrous capsule
resists hip abduction

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19
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

posterior side of hip
attaches from ischium and fibers spiral up to attach to the greater trochanter deep
resists hip medial rotation

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20
Q

hip ligament functions

A

in tension when standing and supports bodyweight without muscular assistance

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21
Q

periarticular network - hip (4)

A
  • superior and inferior gluteal artery
  • lateral and medial circumflex femoral artery
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22
Q

artery of head of femur

A

only critical in childhood before closure of growth plate
absent in adults

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23
Q

neck of femur - blood supply

A
  • lateral and medial circumflex femoral
  • retinacular artery
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24
Q

nerve supply - hip (4)

A
  • femoral nerve
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • obturator nerve
  • never to quadratus femoris
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25
Q

gluteal region `

A

located on the posterolateral pelvis in the area between the iliac crest above the gluteal folds

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26
Q

gluteal 4 superficial muscles

A
  • tensor fascia lata
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteal minimus
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27
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest and most superficial
all fibers are located posterior of hip joint

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28
Q

gluteus maximus actions

A

hip extension + from a flexed position

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29
Q

gluteus medius and minimus

A

origin: external surface of ilium
insertion:
-medius: lateral surface of greater trochanter
- minimus - anterolateral surface of greater trochanter

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30
Q

gluteus medius and minimus actions

A

hip abduction and internal rotation

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31
Q

gluteus medius and minimus functions

A

stance leg contracts to keep pelvis level
important during gait cycle

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32
Q

gluteus medius and minimus functions

A

stance leg contracts to keep pelvis level
important during gait cycle

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33
Q

gluteal deep muscles (6)

A
  • piriformis
  • superior gemellus
  • obturator internus
  • inferior gemellus
    quadratus femoris
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34
Q

gluteal deep muscles (6)

A
  • piriformis
  • superior gemellus
  • obturator internus
  • inferior gemellus
  • quadratus femoris
  • obturator externus
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35
Q

deep lateral rotators - action

A

hip external (lateral) rotation

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36
Q

deep lateral rotators function

A

resist excessive hip flexion and internal rotation when heel strikes
compress head of femur into acetabulum, especially when hip is near extension and in some lateral rotation

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37
Q

nerves in gluteal region

A
  • pudendal
  • nerve to obturator internus
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
    -superior and inferior gluteal nerve
  • nerve to quadratus femoris
  • sciatic nerve
38
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A
  • exits the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis
  • supplies: glut minimus, medius and tensor fascia lata
39
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

exits sciatic foramen below the piriformis
supplies: gluteal max

40
Q

sciatic nerve

A

exits greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis
- supplies: posterior muscles of thigh, the leg and foot

41
Q

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

A

exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
supplies the skin on posterior thigh

42
Q

nerve to obturator internus

A

exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
supplies: superior gemellus and obturator internus

43
Q

nerve to quadratus femoris

A

exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
supplies: inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris

44
Q

pudendal nere

A

exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
supplies: sensation to external genitalia and perineum and some muscles of the pelvic floor

45
Q

gluteal - blood supply (4)

A
  • superior gluteal artery
  • inferior gluteal artery
  • internal pudendal artery and vein
  • medial circumflex femoral artery
46
Q

gluteus maximus

A

origin: posterior ilium, posterolateral aspect of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
insertion: posterior iliotibial band - 75%, gluteal tuberosity - 25%
nerve supply - inferior gluteal nerve
nerve root L5, S1 ans S2

47
Q

function of gluteus maximus

A

muscles activty high when walking on incline or heel strike during running
resist flexion and internal rotation

48
Q

tensor fascia lata

A

origin: anterior iliac cest and anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: iliotibial band
nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve
nerve roots: L4, L5, S1,

49
Q

Gluteus medius

A

origin: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
insertion: lateral surface of greater tronchanter
nerve root: L4, L5, S1

50
Q

gluteus minimus

A

origin: external surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
insertion: anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter
nerve supply: superior gluteal nerve
nerve root: L4, L5, S1

51
Q

weakness in gluteus medius and minimus

A

pelvic drops opposite side during stance = Trendelenburg sign

52
Q

piriformis

A

origin: anterior sacrum between 1st and 4th anterior sacral foramina
insertion: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter
nerve supply: branches of anterior rami S1, S2
nerve root: S1, S2

53
Q

triceps coxae muscles

A

small gemelli muscles located above and below the tendon of obturator internus
insert in a common tendon into the greater trochanter
all collectively form a single functional unit

54
Q

obturator internus

A
  • origin: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
  • insertion: medial side of greater trochanter
  • nerve supply: obturator internus
  • nerve root: L5, S1
55
Q

superior gemellus

A

origin: ischial spine
insertion: medial side of greater trochanter via conjoined tendon with obturator internus
nerve supply: obturator internus
nerve root: L5, S1

56
Q

inferior gemellus

A

origin: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial side of greater trochanter via conjoined tendon with obturator internus
nerve supply: nerve to quadratus femoris
nerve root: L5, S1

57
Q

quadratus femoris

A

origin: lateral margins of the ischium just above ischial tuberosity
insertion: quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of femur
never supply: quadratus femoris
nerve root: L5, S1

58
Q

obturator externus discription

A

a triangular shaped muscle located deep to quadratus femoris
classified as a deep lateral rotator due to function
or medial thigh muscle based on nerve supply

59
Q

obturator externus

A

origin: external surface of the obturator membrane and adjacent body margin on obturator foramen
insertion: trochanteric fossa
nerve supply: obturator nerve, posterior branch
nerve root: L3, L4

60
Q

actions of deep lateral rotators

A

hip external rotation

61
Q

piriformis actions

A

hip external rotation, secondary hip abductors from flexed

62
Q

triceps coxae actions

A

hip external rotation
dedicated action is to laterally rotate the hips

63
Q

quadratus femoris actin

A

lateral rotation of the hip from the anatomical or flexed hip position

64
Q

obturator externus action

A

lateral rotation from flexed and adduction

65
Q

deep lateral rotators

A

resist excessive

66
Q

nerve to piriformis

A

NOT exit the pelvis into the gluteal region
supplies: piriformis

67
Q

nerve to obturator internus

A

EXITS greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
supplies: superior gemellus and obturator interns

68
Q

nerve to quadratus femoris

A

EXITS greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
supplies: inferior gemellus and qudratus femoris

69
Q

obturator externus

A

EXITs the pelvis through the obturator foramen to supply the obturator externus muscles

70
Q

posterior compartment of thigh - location

A

starts at the level of gluteal fold
extends down to the popliteal region behind the knee

71
Q

posterior thigh muscles (3)

A

bicep femoris (long and short head) (lateral)
semimembranosus (medial)
semitendinosus

72
Q

actions of posterior compartment muscles

A

knee flexion and hip extension

73
Q

posterior thigh nerves

A

sciatic nerve is the only one

74
Q

posterior thigh - arterial supply

A

no major artery, comes from 3-4 perforating branches of profunda femoris artery

75
Q

biceps femoris long heaf

A

origin: inferior medial aspect of upper ischial tuberosity
insertion: head of fibula
nerve: sciatic
nerve roots: L5, S1, S2

76
Q

bicep femoris short head

A

origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: head of fibula
nerve: sciatic
nerve root: L5, S1, S2

77
Q

bicep femoris short head

A

origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: head of fibula
nerve: sciatic
nerve root: L5, S1, S2

77
Q

bicep femoris short head

A

origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: head of fibula
nerve: sciatic
nerve root: L5, S1, S2

77
Q

bicep femoris short head

A

origin: shaft of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera
insertion: head of fibula
nerve: sciatic
nerve root: L5, S1, S2

78
Q

semitendonosus

A

origin: inferior medial aspect of upper ischial tuberosity
insertion: anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
nerve: sciatic nerve
nerve root: L5, S1, S2

79
Q

actions of bicep posterior muscle

A

extend the hips when returning upwright from a flexed position

80
Q

terminal stance

A

hip extension

81
Q

early swing phase

A

knee flexion

82
Q

hamstrings during ballistic activities

A

work eccentrically to control and slow down the rate of knee extension produced by the quads, during forceful knee extension and hip flexion

83
Q

sciatic nerve supply

A

only major nerve running through the posterior compartment. Travels below the long head on the posterior surface of adductor magnus

84
Q

sciatic nerve separation

A

the sciatic nerve typically separates out into the tibial and common peroneal nerves at the upper border of the popliteal fossa. may separate higher up

85
Q

nerve supply - posterior thigh muscles

A

sciatic (tibial division)
- long head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus L5-S2
sciatic (common peroneal)
- short head L5-S2

86
Q

popliteal fossa

A

fat filled compartment located at the back of the knee. popiteal artery, vein, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve

87
Q

floor of popliteal fossa

A

posterior surface of femur, psoterior capsule of knee and popliteus muscles

88
Q

roof of popliteal fossa

A

fascia encricling the knee

89
Q

roof of popliteal fossa

A

fascia encricling the knee

90
Q

roof of popliteal fossa

A

fascia encricling the knee

91
Q

popliteal contents

A

neurovascular structures lie deep in the fossa and are protected by a thick layer of subcutaneous fat

Pther 350 (4 decks)

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