Week 3 Objective Questions

Question 1

What is the chain of infection transmission?

Answer 1

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host

Question 2

What are the body’s natural defenses against infection?

Answer 2

Inflammatory response
Immune response

Question 3

What are infection prevention strategies related to nursing care?

Answer 3

Immunizations
Hand Hygiene
PPE
Precautions

Question 4

What makes medical and surgical asepsis different?

Answer 4

Surgical asepsis kills all microorganisms for surgical or sterile procedures; medical asepsis kills only some

Question 5

Where are surgical asepsis techniques used?

Answer 5

Labor and delivery
OR
Certain diagnostic testing areas
Urinary Catheterization

Question 6

What are the indications for a urinary catheter?

Answer 6

Urinary retention
Obstruction
Emptying bladder before/after exams or procedures
Need sterile urine specimen
Urine output for critically ill pts
Healing sacral or perineal wounds

Question 7

When are standard precautions used?

Answer 7

For all hospital pts
Applies to blood, all body fluids, secretions and excretions except sweat
non-intact skin
mucous membranes

Question 8

When are contact precautions used?

Answer 8

MRSA, VRSA, CRE, C DIFF

Question 9

What are the principles of contact precautions?

Answer 9

Private room, the door may remain open
Wash hands with antimicrobial or waterless antiseptic agent

Question 10

When are airborne precautions used?

Answer 10

TB, Varicella (Chicken Pox), Rubeola (Measles)

Question 11

What are the principles of airborne precautions?

Answer 11

N-95
Private room and door remain closed
Negative air pressure

Question 12

When are droplet precautions used?

Answer 12

Rubella, mumps, diphtheria, and adenovirus in infants and young children

Question 13

What are the principles of droplet precautions?

Answer 13

Private room and door may remain open
Wash hands with antimicrobial or waterless antiseptic agent
Keep visitors at 3ft distance

Question 14

What is the first stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?

Answer 14

-Incubation period
-Organisms grow and multiply

Question 15

What is the second stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?

Answer 15

-Prodromal stage
-Person is at their most infectious at this stage
-vague and nonspecific signs and symptoms

Question 16

What is the third stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?

Answer 16

-Full stage of illness
-Specific signs and symptoms

Question 17

What is the fourth stage of the infection cycle and what happens during it?

Answer 17

-Convalescent stage
-Body is recovering back to health
-Residual symptoms may linger

Question 18

How does the body use the immune response as a line of defense?

Answer 18

-Destroys or reacts with cells the body recognizes as harmful
-Humoral Immunity
Antigen and Antibody
-Cell-mediated immunity
Increase lymphocyte production

Question 19

How does the body use inflammation as a line of defense?

Answer 19

-Eliminates invading pathogens
-allows for tissue repair

Question 20

What are the body’s first lines of defense?

Answer 20

-Saliva and tears (antibacterial enzymes)
-Skin prevents entry
-Mucus linings trap dirt and microbes
-Low PH in stomach kills harmful microbes
-good gut bacteria out compete bad

Question 21

What are the 5 moments hand washing is indicated?

Answer 21

-Before touching the patient
-Before a clean or aseptic procedure
-After a body fluid exposure risk
-After touching a patient
-After touching patient surroundings