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Y2 S2 Anatomy > Week 3 - Overview of Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 3 - Overview of Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major cavities of the body?

A

Dorsal for CNS -> Cranial and Vertebral
Ventral (divided by diaphragm) -> Thoracic and Abdominopelvic

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2
Q

What are the non-visceral parts of the body? (Muscular and Neurovascular)

A
  • face
  • infratemporal fossa
  • musculoskeletal neck
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3
Q

What are the visceral spaces of the body? (Organ/Sensory spaces)

A
  • cranial cavity
  • ear
  • orbital cavity
  • nasal cavity
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • larynx
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4
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Pterygopalatine fossa
  • Non-visceral space connected to
    most visceral spaces -> Cranial cavity * Nasal cavity * Oral cavity * Orbit * Pharynx
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5
Q

What are the different parts of the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior, Middle and Posterior Cranial fossa

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts of the skull?

A

Neurocranium
Face

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7
Q

How many bones are in the Neurocranium and Face? Unpaired and paired?

A

Neurocranium:
- 8 bones
- 4 unpaired / 3 paired
Face:
- 14 bones
- 2 unpaired / 6 paired

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ear?

A

External, Middle, and Inner ear

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9
Q

Pharynx labelled

A
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10
Q

What is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

= Lymphatic tissue
- 1st Line of defence for the gut tube

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11
Q

What are the 3 autonomic pathways?

A
  • Ciliary Ganglion
  • Pterygopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia
  • Otic Ganglion
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12
Q

What is the Superficial Fascia? What is it composed of? What does it encircle? What does it contain?

A
  • composed of subcutaneous tissue
  • encircles neck like a collar
  • Contains:
    • Platysma and facial expression muscles
    • Subcutaneous nerves, fat and nerves
    • Superficial lymph nodes
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13
Q

What is the Deep Cervical Fascia fascia? What are the 3 layers? What does it contain?

A

3 layers:
- A -> Superficial, MIddle & Deep
- B -> Visceral, Vascular & Vertebral
Contains:
1. Investing fascia
2. Pretracheal fascia
3. Prevertebral fascia
4. Carotid sheath

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14
Q

What does the investing layer do and what does it contain?

A

= splits to cover sternocleidomastoid muscle & trapezius muscle
Contains:
- submandibular & parotid glands

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15
Q

What are the spaces of the Investing layer?

A

Spaces:
1)masticator space.
2)Submandibular space.
3)parotid space.
4)sublingual space.

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16
Q

What is the Pretrachial Fascia? Where does it extend from? What does it contain?

A
  • Extends from hyoid bone to superior mediastinum
  • Contains:
    • infrahyoid muscles
    • trachea
    • oesophagus
    • larynx
    • thyroid and parathyroid gland
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17
Q

What does the Pretrachial fascia surround?

A

surrounds the larynx and laryngopharynx, where it becomes continuous with
the buccopharyngeal fascia covering the constrictor muscles of the pharynx

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18
Q

What are the spaces of the Pretrachial Fascia?

A

Spaces:
1. pharyngeal mucosal Space.
2. retropharyngeal space.
3. parapharyngeal space.

19
Q

What is the Prevertebral fascia? Where does it extend from? What does it contain?

A
  • from the Skull base to superior mediastinum
    Contains:
  • paravertebral and paraspinal muscles
  • vertebral body, vertebral artery and vein
  • phrenic nerve and brachial plexus trunk
20
Q

What are the spaces of the Prevertebral Fascia?

A

Spaces:
1. carotid space.
2. retropharyngeal space
3. perivertebral space
4. danger space

21
Q

What are the contents of the Carotid Sheath?

A
  • Common (and Internal) carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerve
22
Q

What are the spaces of the neck described in relation to?

A

Spaces are described in relation to the hyoid bone

23
Q

What is the Suprahyoid neck?

A

Deep space between the base of skull and hyoid bone.

24
Q

What is the Infrahyoid neck?

A

Inferiorly between the hyoid bone and clavicles

25
What are the spaces of the Suprahyoid neck?
Parapharyngeal space Pharyngeal mucosal space Masticator space Parotid space Buccal space Danger space
26
What are the spaces of the Infrahyoid neck?
Anterior cervical space Posterior cervical space Visceral space
27
What does the Masticator space contain?
- Ramus and body of mandible - Trigeminal nerve (mandibular division) - Muscles of mastication.
28
What are the boundaries of the Masticator space?
Anteriorly: buccal space Posterolaterally: parotid space Medially: parapharyngeal space
29
What does the Parotid space contain?
Parotid glands, External carotid artery Lymph node Facial nerve Retromandibular vein.
30
What are the boundaries of the Parotid space?
Superior: external auditory canal, apex of the mastoid process. Inferior: inferior mandibular margin. Anterior: masticator space.
31
What does the Submandibular space contain?
Submandibular gland Submandibular Lymph node Facial artery and vein.
32
What are the boundaries of the Submandibular space?
Anterolateral: mandible. Medially: anterior belly of digastric muscle. Posteriorly: muscles of tongue. Superiorly: mylohyoid muscle. Inferiorly: hyoid bone.
33
What does the Sublingual space contain?
Sublingual gland and duct Lingual nerve Lingual artery and vein.
34
What does the Sublingual space communicate with and along the border of which muscle?
Sublingual space freely communicates with submandibular and parapharyngeal space along posterior border of mylohyoid muscle.
35
What does the Pharyngeal Mucosal Space contain?
Lymphoid tissue of Waldeyer’s ring Pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
36
What does the Pharyngeal Mucosal Space extend from?
It extends from the base of skull to the cricoid cartilage.
37
What are the boundaries of the Retropharyngeal space?
Anterior margin: deep cervical fascia Posterior margin: alar fascia (separates the retropharyngeal space from the danger space) Lateral margins: deep cervical fascia Superior margin: clivus Inferior margin: around the T4
38
What are the contents of the Retropharyngeal space?
Areolar fat Lymph nodes only above hyoid and small vessels.
39
What is the Danger Space?
= It is a potential space, located posteriorly to retropharyngeal, connecting superior mediastinum to deep cervical space
40
What does the Danger Space contain?
Loose areolar tissues (an easy pathway for infection to spread)
41
What are the boundaries of the Danger space?
Anteriorly: alar fascia Posteriorly: prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia Superiorly: clivus Inferiorly: posterior mediastinum at the level of the diaphragm
42
What are the boundaries of the Carotid space?
Superior margin: lower border of jugular foramen Inferior margin: aortic arch Anterolateral margin: sternocleidomastoid muscle
43
What does the Carotid space contain?
Common carotid artery and internal carotid artery Internal jugular vein Accessory nerve, Hypoglossal nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve (ix) (anterior to vessels) Vagus nerve (x) (posterior to vessels) Sympathetic nerves Deep cervical lymph node chain

Y2 S2 Anatomy (15 decks)

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