Week 3-Perception

Question 1

Absolute threshold

Answer 1

Min amount of stimulation required to evoke perceptual sensation

Question 2

JND-just noticeable diff

Answer 2

Min amount of differential stimulation required to note change between sensations

Question 3

Sensory adaptation

Answer 3

Same level of stimulus intensity does not generate same continuous level of response
(Ie-u get used to smells in the room over time)

Question 4

Distal stimuli

Answer 4

Outside word

Question 5

Sensory transducers

Answer 5

Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin

Question 6

Proximal stimuli

Answer 6

Bodily sensations

Question 7

Frequency selectivity on basilar membrane

Answer 7

Low frequencies at apex

Higher frequencies at base

Question 8

Spatial location selectivity in striate cortex

Answer 8

Fine grain at focal point

Cruder analysis at periphery

Question 9

Dichromates

Answer 9

Only have 2/3 cones

Question 10

Tailoring

Answer 10

Sensory transducers specifically tailored for its environment and for survival behaviour.

Question 11

Decision rules

Answer 11

Perceptual info is incomplete or ambiguous.

Bottom up needs top down decisions to be made for perception.

Question 12

Generic viewpoint

Answer 12

Favour generic vs unique perspectives

Question 13

Unconscious inferences

Answer 13

we choose most likely interpretation

Question 14

Opponency theory

Answer 14

Establishes how B, G & R cones interact

Red opponent to green
Yellow is opponent to blue

Question 15

Trichromacy theory

Answer 15

Establishes diff cones available to us.

Question 16

Gestalt Principles (heuristics so not right all the time)

Pragnanz

Answer 16

Every stimulus pattern seen as simple as possible.

Question 17

Gestalt Principle

Similarity

Answer 17

Similar things appear grouped together

Question 18

Gestalt principles

Proximity

Answer 18

Things near together appear grouped together

Question 19

Gestalt principle

Closure

Answer 19

Propensity to see closed rather than open forms

Question 20

Gestalt principle

Good continuation

Answer 20

Points that when connected result in straight/smoothly curving lines belong together.

Question 21

Gestalt principle

Common fate

Answer 21

Things moving in same direction appear grouped together.

Question 22

Gestalt principle

Familiarity

Answer 22

Grouping more likely when we recognize what we see.

Question 23

Gestalt principle

Light fr above

Answer 23

Most light comes fr above

Question 24

Gestalt principle

Occlusion

Answer 24

We see a covered object as continuing from behind

Question 25

Bayesian Inference

Answer 25

Restates Helmhotz idea (word sounds) and quantifies how we decide about ambiguity. Prior X likelihood = conclusion

Question 26

Visual agnosia

Answer 26

Inability to recognize faces/objects

Question 27

Dorsal pathway-Parietal Lobe

Answer 27

Object location (where)

Question 28

Ventral pathway-Temporal Lobe

Answer 28

Object identification (what)

Question 29

Speech segmentation

Answer 29

Ability to tell when one word in conversation ends and next one begins.

Question 30

Transitional probabilities

Answer 30

One sound follows another within a word

Question 31

Statistical learning

Answer 31

Learning transitional probabilities about characteristics of language 8 mos + starts (Saffran’s experiment)

Question 32

Helmholtz theory of unconscious inference (1866)

Answer 32

Perceptions are result of unconscious assumptions or inferences about environment

Question 33

Likelihood principle

Answer 33

We perceive object most likely caused pattern of stimuli received

Question 34

Regularities in environment

Answer 34

Certain characteristics of environment occur frequently - physical - semantic

Question 35

Physical regularities

Answer 35

Physical properties of environment regularly occurring | -trees more likely to be vertical than slanted or horizontal

Question 36

Oblique effect

Answer 36

Ppl perceive horizontal and verticals more easily than other orientations

Question 37

Semantic regularities

Answer 37

Characteristics associated w diff scenes

Question 38

4 conceptions of object perception

Answer 38

- Helmholtz unconscious inference - Gestalt laws of organization (diff than other 3) - regularities in enviro - Bayesian inference