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Anatomy Semester 2 > Week 3 - Pharynx > Flashcards

Week 3 - Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Alternitive name for the nostrils?

A

Nares

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1
Q

Alterntive name for the cupids bow?

A

Philtrum

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2
Q

The pharynx is made up of three cavities, what are they?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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3
Q

The muscles of the pharynx are split into three sections what are they?

A
  • Superior constrictor
  • Middle constrictor
  • Inferior constrictor
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4
Q

What is the job of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

They pull the pharyngeal walls inwards and forward to constric the pharyngeal tube

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5
Q

What does the salpingopharyngeus do?

A

Pulls side walls UP and IN

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6
Q

What does the stylopharyngeus do?

A

Pulls side walls OUT and UP

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7
Q

What does the palatopharyngeus do?

A

Pulls side walls IN and UP

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8
Q

What are the 4 parts to the nasal cavity?

A
  • Nasal Fossae
  • Nasal septum
  • Hard palate
  • The eustachian tube
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9
Q

What is the nasal fossae?

A

The nasal septum divides the cavity into two cavities known as fossae

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10
Q

Whhat is the nasal septum?

A

A wall of cartillage divides the nose into 2 seperate chambers

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11
Q

What is the hard palate (in relation to the nasal cavity)?

A

It formally seperates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities, forming the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the oral cavity

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12
Q

What is the eustachin tube?

A

it is an opening that connects the middle ear with the nasal sinus cavity

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13
Q

What does the eutachin tube help to do?

A
  • Balance pressure in the middle ear
  • Drain fluid from the middle ear
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14
Q

What two things make up the oropharynx cavity?

A
  • Anterior faucial pillar (palatoglossus muscle)
  • Posterior faucial pillar (palatopharyngeal muscle)
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15
Q

Is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed during swallowing?

A

closed during swallowing

16
Q

Is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed when breathing through the nose?

A

Open to allow air thruogh nasal cavities

17
Q

Is the velopharyngeal port opened or closed for oral sounds?

A

Closed to allow high air pressure oral sounds

18
Q

What does the palatal levato do?

A

Draws velum UP and BACK

19
Q

Whats another name for palatal levator?

A

Levator veli palatini

20
Q

Glossopalatine (palatoglossal) does what?

A

Can pull velum DOWN and BACKWARDS

21
Q

Pharyngopalatine (palatopharyngeus) does what?

A

Can pull velum DOWN and BACKWARDS

22
Q

What are some possible imprarements of velum?

A
  • cleft palate
  • Bifid/split uvula
  • Velopharyngeal incompetence
  • Enlarge tonsils
23
Q

The velopharyngeal development in infants

A
  • In infants the larynx moves up and down lengthening pharynx
  • velophaynx closes for vocalisation at approx. 2 months
  • Adenoids grow during children and then atrophy
24
Q

Which muscle forms a sling around the velum that functions to elevate the palate?

A

Levator veli palatini

25
Q

What is the other name for the nasopharyngeal tonsil?

A
  • adenoid
26
Q

What are the nasal choanae?

A

They are the openings of the nasal cavities into the nasopharynx

27
Q

What is the other name for the auditory tube?

A

Eustachian tube

28
Q

When you ask someone to say “ah” and look into her mouth, the part of the pharynx you can see without special equiptment is:

A

The oropharynx

29
Q

When the paired palatal levator muscles contracts, the velum is:

A

Lifted upward and backward, on an angle toward the back wall of the pharynx

30
Q

The three divisions of the pharynx, from top to bottom, are the:

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
31
Q

What do the superio, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles have in common?

A
  • Each of the muscles has fibres that arise from multiple structures
  • Contraction of any one of the three muscles can produce a regional reduction in the cross-sectional dimensions of the pharyngeal tube
  • Each of the muscles insterts to the median raphe
31
Q

Where is the boundry between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?

A

at the level of the hard palate

32
Q

When the paired palatal levator muscle contracts, the velum is:

A

Lifted upward and backward, on an angle towards the back wall of the pharynx

33
Q

What do the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine muscles have in common?

A

both muscles appear to have the mechanical abiltiy to pull down on the velum

34
Q

What is the velopharyngeal port?

A

The opening between the oral and nasal cavities

35
Q

During sustained consonants sounds such as /s/ or /n/ or /r/, when is airtight velopharangeal closure absolutely required?

A
  • When the sound is one for which there is requirement that air pressure in th moral cavity is raised above atmospheric pressure (such as during the friction interval of an /s/)
36
Q
A

Anatomy Semester 2 (5 decks)

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