Week 3: Promoting Health in Communities & Examining Local, National and Global Health Disparities Flashcards
(31 cards)
According to Healthier Canadians for Healthier World
(PHAC) All Canadians should adapt what efforts to maintain good health?
Balanced nutritious diet Quit Smoking Drink Moderately Reduce Stress Exercise Regularly Maintain Oral health Annual Checkups Hand Hygiene Immunizations Safety measure -helmet, seat belt
What is theOttawa Charter of Rights definition of health promotion?
“Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete, physical, mental and social well being, an individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.”
According to WHO what is the focus of health promotion?
Health is seen as an resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.
Health promotion is not the responsibility of the health care sector, but goes beyond healthy life styles and living
List the relevant health promotion documents
A new perspective on the health canadians (Lalonde Report - Canada 1973)
Declaration of the Alma-Alta: Primary health care principles
(WHO 1986)
Ottawa Charter - Health Promotion (WHO 1986)
Achieving health for all, A framework for health promotion. (Health & Welfare Canada 1986)
Jakarta Declaration on health promotion into the 21st century. ( Who 1997).
Toronto Charter (2003)
List the highlights of the Lalonde Report
1973 paper identified that health care was not responsible for an individuals health & population health improvements
2 Main Objectives:
1) The healthcare system
2) Prevention of health problems & promotion of good health
4 elements of health field concept
1) Human Biology
2) Environment
3) Lifestyle
4) Healthcare organization
- determined the cause of illness and death in Canadians
What recommendations do the Lalonde Report purpose?
Increase health care budget to support:
Change in individual lifestyles, social & physical environments will improve health outcomes.
Increased awareness of health risks including smoking & cancer, diet & coronary artery disease, physical activity for health & risks around alcohol abuse.
List the highlights of the Declaration of Alma Alta
1978 summary or the international Conference of Primary Health Care.
Health is a human right
Economic & social determinants impact health
Participation by ppl. is essential
Promotion prevention, curative, rehabilitation are all necessary
Government responsibility for healthcare.
Primary Health care
Primary Health Care includes?
Health Education Food Safe Water & Sanitation Maternal & Child health care Immunization Prevention & Control treatment of diseases.
Describe the Achieving Health For All Framework for Health Promotion, 1986
Canada’s visionary document for equitable access to health in response to Alma Alta.
Addressed the SDOH & instigated a policy shift to focus on community development, engaging Canadians to care about their health& instigate social & environmental changes
What are the 3 challenges with Achieving Health For All Framework for Health Promotion?
Disadvantaged groups have a lower life expectancy & experience poorer health.
Preventative disease & injuries still threaten the health of Canadians.
Thousands of Canadians suffer from chronic disease & disability & lack of community support.
Describe the “ New Vision of Health” as outlined by the Health Promotion Framework 1986
Quality of life concept
Addresses 3 challenges identified by:
- Reducing inequities
- Increasing prevention effort
- Enhancing ppls ability to cope
Under the Health Promotion Framework 1986. What are the 3 strategies for health promotion?
Fostering public participation
Strengthening Community Health Services
Coordinating Healthy Public Policy
Describe the Ottawa Charter
1st international confereance on health promotion 1986
CHARTER for action to achieve health for all by 2000 + yrs
Promotion focuses on achieving equity in health
What are the 5 strategies for promoting health in the Ottawa Charter?
- Building healthy public policy
- Creating supportive environments
- Strengthening Community Action
- Developing Personal Skills
- Reorienting Health Services
What are the prerequisites for health in the Ottawa Charter?
Food Peace Income Education Shelter Stable eco-system Sustainable resources Social Justice & Equity
The Ottawa Charter discussed the commitment to health promotion by:
Responding to health gap
Reorient services towards promotion
Recognize health maintenance as a social investment
Healthy public policy-advocate for political commitment to health & equity in all sectors.
Describe the keys points of the Jakarta Declaration
4th international Conference on health promotion.
Health promotion is a key investment
Health is a human right
Need for social & economic development
Recognizes globalization has an impact on health
Priorities health promotion
Promote social responsibility for health
Increase investments fro health development.
What are the SDOH new challenges under the Jakarta Declaration
Demographic trends Increased sedentary behaviour Resistance to antibiotics/other Increased drug abuse Civil and domestic violence New infectious disease Increased recognition of MH Transnational factors-global Economy, financial markets, trade. Communication Tech Environmental degradation
The Toronto Charter outlined what areas of concern for what SDOH ?
Early Childhood Development Education Systems Employment & working conditions Food Security Healthcare services Housing Shortages Income & Equitable distribution Social Exclusion Social Safety Nets Unemployment & employment security Vulnerable populations
What were the recommendations the Toronto Charter made?
Governments of all levels should review their current economic, social, & service policies on how they impact SDOH.
All health care agencies, including public health need to educate their staff about the implications of theSDOH and encourage a culture of health promotion to the communities they serve.
The media should uncover the discrepancies with the SDOH in the Canadian popoluation
The Toronto Charter was required by the government to take immediate action on what 2 SDOH?
- Safe & affordable housing
2. A universal system of high quality childcare.
Why do we need to care about health disparities?
PHAC -health disparities result from inequalities in the distribution of the underlying determinants of health acrcoss populations
Socio-economic status (SES), first nations identity, gender & geographic location are important factors in health disparities in canada
Whats the CHN role in addressing health disparities?
Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice:
Belief & Values include caring, empowerment & individual/community partnership.
CHN practice is defined in the environment working in i.e. PH, visiting nursing.
CHN process includes assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation nursing processes, but with different “clients”
“clients” may be populations, communities and individuals
List the CHNC standards
- Promoting Health
- Prevention & Health Protect
- Health Maintenance, restoration & Palliation
- Professional Relationships
- Capacity Building
- Access & Equity
- Professional Responsibility & Accountability
