Week 3 Respiratory Tract Infections ✅

Question 1

What is the shape of mycoplasma and why?

Answer 1

No shape as no cell wall

Question 2

What are examples of secondary invaders?

Answer 2

Strep pyogenes
Strep pneumoniae

Question 3

What are examples of professional invaders?

Answer 3

Influenza (Strep pyogenes/strep pneuomiae)
TB
Bordetella pertussis
Rhinovirus

Question 4

How are viruses normally diagnosed?

Answer 4

Clinical presentation

Question 5

What kind of drugs can treat viruses?

Answer 5

Antiherpetic
Antiretroviral

Question 6

What is nasopharyngitis?

Answer 6

Rhinitis + pharyngitis + fever

Question 7

What viruses cause the common cold?

Answer 7

Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Influenza
Parainfluenza

Question 8

Why is rhinovirus not systemic?

Answer 8

Replication 33’c

Question 9

What can cause pharyngitis/tonsilitis?

Answer 9

Common cold virus
Coxsackie virus A (herpangia)
EBV
HSV
Strep pyogenes
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 10

What type of bacteria is streptococcus?

Answer 10

Gram positive ovococci - chains of pearls

Question 11

What is group A strep?

Answer 11

Strep pyogenes

Question 12

Why must Strep A be treated ASAP?

Answer 12

Can return as rheumatic fever

Question 13

What is group B strep?

Answer 13

Strep agalactiae

Question 14

What is EBV?

Answer 14

Epstein-Barr Virus

Question 15

What are the symptoms of EBV?

Answer 15

Soft palate petechiae, exhaustion, jaundice, entire neck swollen

Question 16

What is a complication of EBV?

Answer 16

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 17

What are the usual causes of pneumonia in children vs adults?

Answer 17

Children - virus
Adults - bacteria

Question 18

What are risk factors for pneumonia?

Answer 18

Age
Influenza primary infection which leads to secondary bacterial pneumonia

Question 19

What is a screening tool for hospitalisation for pneumonia?

Answer 19

CRB65

Question 20

How can pneumonia be diagnosed?

Answer 20

CPR
Sputum macro, micro, culture and sensitivity
CXR
PCR

Urine antigen test for pneumococcus legionella
Fluid sampling from lung
(HAP)

Question 21

What diseases can cross lung fissures?

Answer 21

TB
Fungal diseases

Question 22

What are the most common bacteria to cause pneumonia?

Answer 22

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza

Question 23

What are atypical bacterial causes of pneumonia?

Answer 23

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumonphilia
S aurus

Question 24

Which viruses can cause pneumonia?

Answer 24

RSV
Influenza
Mumps
ZVZ

Question 25

Which fungi can cause pneumonia?

Answer 25

Candida, Toxoplasma

Question 26

Which pathogens grow so slowly they can evade the immune system?

Answer 26

TB Syphillis

Question 27

Which is more aggressive, CAP or HAP?

Answer 27

CAP because HAP affects immunocompromised patients

Question 28

What is another name for orthomyxovirus?

Answer 28

Influenza

Question 29

How does influenza affect host cells?

Answer 29

Hemagglutinin binds to sialic acid on host cells Neuraminidase from virus destroys sailic acid

Question 30

What is an example of a neuraminidase inhibitor?

Answer 30

Zanamivir

Question 31

What is an example of genetic shuffling?

Answer 31

Influenza A antigenic shift to new influenza A subtype

Question 32

What is an example of random mutation?

Answer 32

Antigenic shift of Influenza A to different strains

Question 33

What usually causes bronchitis?

Answer 33

Viruses