Week 3 Review Flashcards by Carlie Peters

Redness caused by inflammation

Erythema

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Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure

Miliaria Rubra

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Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, dilation of blood vessels, and in severe cases, the formation of papules and pustules

Rosacea

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Razor bumps without the pus or infection

Pseudofolliculitis

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Inflammatory skin condition caused by an allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical

Contact dermatitis

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Skin condition characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting, and/or itchiness

Seborrheic Dermatitis

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Allergic reaction by the body’s histamine production

Urticaria

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White, yellow, or flesh-colored benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face

Sebaceous hyperplasia

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Acne-like condition around the mouth, consisting mainly of small clusters of papules

Perioral dermatitis

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Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended blood vessels

Telangiectasia

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Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions

Hyperhidrosis

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Dilation of the blood vessels

Vasodilation

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Chronic, relapsing form of dermatitis

Atpoic dermatitis

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Itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales

Psoriasis

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Deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands

Anhidrosis

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Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings

Wheal

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Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue

Keloid

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inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus

Pustule

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Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth

Ulcer

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Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin

Cyst

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Dead cells formed over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material

Crust

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Small blister or sac containing clear fluid

Vesicle

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Small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule

Papule

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Large blister containing watery fluid

Bulla

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Excessive shedding of dead skin cells

Scale

Crack in the skin that may penetrate into the dermis

Fissure

Bump smaller than a tumor, caused by scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections

Nodule

Abnormal, rounded solid lump, larger than a papule

Tubercle

Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms, caused by blocked follicles

Keratosis pilaris

Increased pigmentation, also known as liver spots

Chloasma

Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus

Verruca

Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough that is a result of sun damage and should be checked by a dermatologist

Actinic keratoses

Malformation of the skin from abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries; also known as a birthmark

Nevus

Rare genetic condition characterized by the lack of melanin pigment in the body including the skin, hair, and eyes

Albinism

Flat, pigmented area similar to a freckle

Lentigo

Acquired, thickened patch of epidermis

Keratoma

Pigmented nevus, ranging in color from tan to bluish black

Mole

Loss of pigmentation

Leukoderma

Hyperpigmentation triggered by hormonal changes, often during pregnancy or with birth control use

Melasma

Thickening of the skin caused by mass of keratinocytes

Hyperkeratosis

Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up because they do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin

Retention hyperkeratosis

This is caused by sun damage rather than genetics

Actinic aging

Excessive cell turnover and dead skin cell buildup

Hyperkeratosis

Skin that appears red with distended capillaries

Couperose skin

Center area of the face, corresponding to the shape formed by the forehead, nose, and chin

T zone

This, along with lifestyle and attitude, can contribute to the skin's health

Stress

Abnormal hypertrophic scarring

Keloids

Skin that lacks water

Dehydrated skin

This evaluates photodamage based on wrinkling categorized by age

Glogau Scale

Factor that prohibits a treatment due to a condition

Contraindication

Dark areas on the skin

Age spots

This is used to measure the skin type's ability to tolerate sun exposure

Fitzpatrick Scale

Skin that lacks oil

Alipidic skin

Skin that lacks oxygen

Asphyxiated skin

This used levels to classify photodamage by the depth of skin changes or damage

Rubin's classifications of photodamage

Group of oils that are chemically combined with silicone and oxygen and leave a noncomedogenic protective film on the surface of the skin

Silicones

Lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats

Fatty acids

Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering appearance

Cosmetics

This comes from petroleum sources

Mineral oil

Highly concentrated plant oils with properties that can have various effects on the skin

Essential oils

Does not contain any water

Anhydrous

These prevent bacteria and other microorganisms from living in a product

Preservatives

Fatty materials used to lubricate and moisturize the skin

Emollients

These are produced from combining fatty acids and fatty alcohols

Fatty esters

These components cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin

Performance ingredients

These are mixed into the water phase of a product during manufacturing

Water soluble

Soaps and/or detergents that clean the skin

Cleansers

These allow products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form, such as lotion, cream, or gel

Functional ingredients

Fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen

Fatty alcohols

These are mixed into the oil phase of a product during manufacturing

Oil soluble

Fats or fat-like substances that help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin

Lipids

Natural form of vitamin A that stimulates cell repair and helps to normalize skin cells by generating new cells

Retinol

This is derived from the comfrey plant or uric acid and has healing properties

Allantoin

Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific areas of the skin, and control their release

Liposomes

BHA that originates from sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen, and which has exfoliating and antiseptic properties

Salicylic Acid

Colorants listed on ingredient labels as "D&C" or "FD&C"

Noncertified colors

Chains of amino acids used in skin care products to produce changes in the skin's appearance

Peptides

Chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules, and commonly used in delivery systems

Polymers

Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material and are commonly used in colorful cosmetics

Lakes

This occurs in small amounts in olive oil, wheat germ oil, and rice bran oil, and is a lubricant and perfume fixative

Squalene

Spreading agents and carrying bases necessary to the formulation of a cosmetic

Vehicles

Colorants that have been batch certified and approved by the FDA

Certified colors

These have been found to enhance immune response and cellular metabolism, which boosts oxygen uptake in the cell

Glycoproteins

Mechanical and chemical ingredients that peel or slough the outer layer of the skin

Exfoliants

This is derived from yeast cells and functions as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing

Tissue respiratory factor (TRF)

These have a higher alcohol content and are designed for use on normal and combination skin to tighten the skin

Toners

Popular herb and oil used for aromatherapy and calming

Lavender

Concentrated ingredients that target specific skin conditions

Serums

Ancient healing practice using essential oils and aromas from plants to treat the body, mind, and spirit

Aromatherapy

The use of products such as AHAs to dissolve dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix or "glue" that holds them together

Chemical exfoliation

This comes from the hamanelis shrub and is good for toning the skin

Witch hazel

These have the highest alcohol content and are used for oily and acne-prone skin, but can be too drying and should be used carefully

Astringents

Widely-used noncomedogenic oil derived from a desert shrub and used for healing

Jojoba

Small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base

Ampoules

These involve the used of keratolytic enzymes, which help speed up the breakdown of keratin

Enzyme peels

These have a lower alcohol content and are beneficial for dry and mature skin, as well as for sensitive skin

Fresheners

Physically rubbing dead cells off of the skin

Mechanical exfoliation

One of the most common ingredients in skin care products, used for dry, aging skin

Rose

This uses ingredients such as herbs, vitamins, and oils combined with clay, seaweed, or hydrating bases that treat the skin

Mask

Plant extract used for sensitive skin

Chamomile

Week 3 Review Flashcards

(100 cards)