Week 3 The Respiratory Tract ✅

Question 1

What are the functions of the nose?

Answer 1

Olfaction
Trap and remove particulates
Adjust temperature and air humidity
Contains cartilage to provide support

Question 2

Why does the nose bleed easily?

Answer 2

High vascular supply

Question 3

Where does the blood supply to the cartilage come from?

Answer 3

The skin

Question 4

What types of epistaxis are there?

Answer 4

Anterior and posterior

Posterior is harder to manage

Question 5

What is Little’s area?

Answer 5

Most anterior bleeds, vulnerable to dryness and trauma

Question 6

Where does arterial supply to the nose come from?

Answer 6

Internal and external carotid arteries

Question 7

How do you treat an anterior nose bleed?

Answer 7

Cauterise

Question 8

How do you treat a posterior nose bleed?

Answer 8

Packing - backwards not upwards

Question 9

What is a septal haematoma?

Answer 9

Collection of blood - stops blood supply - hard to treat

Question 10

How many areas is the pharynx split into?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

What are the tonsils?

Answer 11

Lymphoid tissue to fight infection

Question 12

What is the pharyngeal tonsil?

Answer 12

Adenoids

Question 13

What is a quinsey?

Answer 13

Abscess behind the palatine tonsils

Question 14

Where are the lingual tonsils?

Answer 14

Behind tongue in pharynx

Question 15

What are the 3 types of pharyngeal obstruction?

Answer 15

Lumen - e.g. vomit, tongue, foreign body

In the wall - e.g. allergy, burn, infection, inflammation

Outside the wall - e.g. lymph nodes, cancer, aneurysm, trauma

Question 16

What is the pharynx more commonly known as?

Answer 16

Throat

Question 17

What is the larynx more commonly known as?

Answer 17

Voicemox

Question 18

What is the larynx suspended from?

Answer 18

Hyoid bone

Question 19

What is the thyroid cartilage more commonly known as?

Answer 19

Adam’s apple

Question 20

What is the MOA of swallowing?

Answer 20

Epiglottis moves down, larynx moves anterior and superior

Question 21

At what level does the carina divide?

Answer 21

T4/sternal angle

Question 22

Which nerve causes hoarseness if pressed?

Answer 22

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 23

Which nerve supplies the vocal cords?

Answer 23

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 24

What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 24

Dypsnoea
Tachycardia
Hypoxia

Question 25

Surface anatomy

Where is the apex of the lung?

Answer 25

2cm above clavicle

Question 26

Surface anatomy

Where does the left lung move due to the heart?

Answer 26

4th costal cartilage

Question 27

Surface anatomy

Where does the right lung move laterally?

Answer 27

6th costal cartilage

Question 28

Surface anatomy

At the 8th rib anteriorly are you still listening to the lung?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Surface anatomy

At the 10th rib posteriorly are you still listening to the lung?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

Suface anatomy

Where does the pleura end?

Answer 30

2 ICS below the lung

Question 31

Surface anatomy

Where is the oblique fissure?

Answer 31

T4 to anterior rib 6

Question 32

Surface anatomy

Where is the horizontal fissure?

Answer 32

4th rib to mid-axillary line - meets oblique fissure

Question 33

Surface anatomy

What other landmark can be used to find oblique fissure?

Answer 33

Scapula

Question 34

What does hemiplegia mean?

Answer 34

Partial paralysis