Week 3: Thoracic Spine and Ribs Flashcards by Julie Kinard

Typical Thoracic vertebrae runs from:

T2 - T9

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The body of the vertebrae are of equal:

width and depth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The costal demifacets are:

they are half facets on the body of thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the vertebral vertebral discs, we can find the ___________ (smallest/largest) ratio of disc height to vertebrae height.

smallest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What direction do the pedicles face in the typical thoracic vertebrae?

posteriorly (not laterally)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pedicles are oriented__________ and this will result in:

posteriorly; narrowing of the vertebral canal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The articular pillars, or facets, of the typical thoracic vertebrae allow for ___________ (greater/lesser) side bending and rotation.

greater

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The articular pillars, or facets, of the typical thoracic vertebrae allow for ___________ (greater/lesser) flexion and extension.

lesser

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Facet joints of the typical thoracic vetebrae lie ______ off frontal plane

20°

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the typical thoracic vertebrae, the spinous processes:

slope inferiorly from T1 - T8

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The tip of the spinous process lie at the level of the __________ ____________ for the majority of the thoracic spine.

caudal vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The joint capsules of the typical thoracic vertebrae are more:

taut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the atypical vertebrae?

T1, T10, T11 and T12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T1 has a _______ costal facet for rib 1 and a ___________ demifacet for rib 2.

full; partial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is special about the T1 vertebrae?

Full costal facet for rib 1 & partial demifacet for rib 2
Typical cervical-shaped body
Spinous process of T1 is particularly long and prominent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The spinous process of T1 is usually:

long and prominent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T10, 11 and 12 only have:

full costal facets as opposed to demifacets for ribs 10 - 12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vertebrae are most likely to lack a costotransverse joint?

T10, 11 and 12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T1 and T12 are considered to be:

transitional vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many pair of ribs are there?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The posterior end of a typical rib has a:

head, neck and articular tubercle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The head and tubercle articulate with the:

thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 synovial joints of the ribs?

costovertebral and costotransverse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The costovertebral articulation is a _______________ joint that allows what motions?

synovial; gliding and rotation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the typical ribs?

2 - 9

Typical ribs have:

a head of a rib 2 adjacent vertebral bodies intervertebral disc

The atypical ribs are:

1, 10, 11, and 12

atypical vertebrae have a:

head of rib 1 vertebral body is considered to be more mobile

The costotransverse joint is a __________ joint that permits:

synovial; gliding and rotation

T1 - T6 have slightly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_costal facets of transverse process and slightly __________ costal tubercles. These promote which type of movement?

concave; convex; rotation

T7 - T10 have a _______ surface.

flat

T7 - T10 promote what type of movement

gliding

T11 - T12 do not:

articularte at a costotransverse joint

Costochondral joints are junctions between:

anterior rib and cartilage

Is there a lot of movement at the costal chondral joint?

a little bit but not much at all

Chondrosternal is a junction between:

medial cartilage and sternum

The 1st junction is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The 2nd - 7th are:

synchondrosis (minimal motion here) plane synovial (SMALL glides)

Flexion and extension normal ranges of the thoracic spine:

flexion: 20 - 45 Extension 25 - 45

Lateral flexion normal ROM in the thoracic spine:

20 - 40

Normal ranges of rotation at the thoracic spine?

35 - 50

Flexion in the thoracic vertebrae is limited by:

tension in the: PLL ligamentum flavum interspinous ligaments capsule of facet joints

Extension in the thoracic vertebrae is limited by:

contact of the: spinous processes, laminae, facet joints Tension from: ALL Facet joint capsule abdominal muscles

lateral flexion in the thoracic vertebrae is limited by:

facets and ribs

rotation in the thoracic vertebrae is limited by:

ribcage

Lateral flexion is _____________ with some:

coupled; rotation

Amount of rotation in the thoracic vertebrae _____________ in the lower part of the thoracic spine due to facet orientation

decreases

The the upper thoracic spine, lateral flexion and rotation are coupled in the

same direction

In the lower thoracic spine, lateral flexion and rotation may occur in the

opposite direction

Ventilation is the mechanical process of:

air inhalation and exhalation

ventilation is DRIVEN by:

active and passive forces

changes in intrathroracic volume causes:

a change in air pressure

Bot the costotransverse and costovertebral joints create a:

single axis of rotation for the ribs.

When the costotransverse and costovertebral create a single axis of rotation, these movements are called:

elevation and depression

The orientation of the axis determines a:

direction of a rib movement

The upper ribs, 1 -6 , have an axis of rotation closest to the ____________ plane

frontal

If the axis of rotation at the upper ribs is closest to the frontal plane, the ribs move in which plane?

sagittal

Diameter changes occur in which direction when the upper ribs are moving?

anterior posterior (a pump handle motion)

The lower ribs, 7 - 10, have an axis of rotation closest to the ______________ plane

sagittal

If the axis of rotation is closest to the sagittal plane in the lower ribs, what plane do the ribs move in?

Frontal plane

The bucket handle motion applies to the:

lower ribs

the pump handle motion is most directly correlated to:

the lower ribs

External oblique on one side acts \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_with internal oblique on the other side

synergistically

The sit up results in a ___________ line of force

diagnol

The transverse abdominis acts as a ______________ for the obliques.

stabilizer

What are the primary axial rotators?

external and internal obliques

What are the secondary axial rotators?

Ipsilateral latissimus dorsi ipsilateral iliocostalis lumborum contralateral transversospinal muscles Effective extensors of the trunk and offset flexion tendency of obliques while contributing to rotation

The multifidi is crucial for extension stability in the lumbar region during:

axial rotation

The loss of multifidi stabilization may also result in:

visualization of flexion bias of unopposed oblique muscles

The thoracic vertebrae are ultimately _____ flexible and _______ stable.

less;more

motion is limited in the thoracic vertebrae, secondary to:

Rib cage spinous processes taut facet joint capsules ligamentum flavum dimensions of the discs vertebral bodies

The thoracic spine and ribs provide:

_Stable base_ for muscles that influence craniocervical region _Protection_ for the thoracic organs Mechanical “_bellows_” for breathing

functional scoliosis can be corrected:

actively

What can physical therapists do about structural scoliosis?

Not much

Scoliosis is a:

deformity of the vertebral column

Scoliosis most commonly involves which spine?

thoracic

T7 - T9 is a common place of:

scoliosis

How is scoliosis named?

by region and side of convexity

The rib hump of scoliosis is associated on the:

convex side

Scoliosis may be just a single curve or it may involve:

secondary compensatory curves

Hyperkyphosis is:

excessive thoracic kyphosis

how does hyperkyphosis occur?

* trauma * severe DDD * severe marked osteoporosis * abnormal growth or development of vertebrae

hyperkyphosis can significantly increase:

interbody joint compression

What may result in compression fracture?

hyperkyphosis