Week 4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the types of medicine reviews?
Prescription review, adherence support review, clinical review and clinical review with prescribing.
What are the types of medication-related problems?
Obtaining medicines, taking medicines, medication effects and communication and care coordination, including information related to medicines.
What are the steps in a medication review?
- Gather relevant information
- Evaluate therapy
- Identify potential medication-related problems
- Prioritise medication-related problems
- Recommend changes to therapy
- Monitor outcomes and follow-up
Which medicines can increase a person’s risk of falling?
- Sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs (especially long-acting benzodiazepines such as diazepam)
- Z-drugs (e.g., zopiclone)
- Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline)
- Major tranquilizers (phenothiazines and butyrophenones)
- Antihypertensive drugs (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide)
- Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., naproxen, ibuprofen)
- Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., oxybutynin)
- Hypoglycemic agents (e.g., glipizide)
- Any medication that is likely to affect balance
- Sedative medicines (e.g., opioids such as morphine)
What are the challenges to deprescribing?
Cultural, organisational, interpersonal and individual.
What are the 5 steps to deprescribing?
- Obtain the best possible medicines history
- Reconcile medicines-diagnosis list and verify indications
- Review each medicine’s utility
- Prioritise any changes and recommend a plan
- Communicate plan with the GP for implementation with the patient and monitoring for adverse drug withdrawal effects (ADWEs)
What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis (gastro)?
Vomiting, diarrheoa, stomach pain and nausea.
What are the causes of gastroenteritis?
Viruses, bacteria, toxins produced by bacteria, parasites or chemicals.
What are the risk factors of contracting Clostridioides difficile?
recent antibiotic use, long hospital stay, older age, cancer chemotherapy and other serious underlying illness.
What are the signs and symptoms of Clostridioides difficile infection?
Diarrheoa (sometimes bloody), fever, loss of apetite, nausea, abdominal pain.
What is the treatment options of Clostridioides difficile infection?
Metronidazole 400mg 8 hourls for 10 days or vancomycin 125mg 6 hourly for 10 days.
What is the treatment options of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection?
Vancomycin 125mg 6 hourly for 14 days or fidaxomicin 200mg 12 hourly for 10 days.
What is the first line treatment of Helicobactor pylori?
esomeprazole 20mg, amoxicillin 1g and clarithromycin 500mg bd for 7-14 days.
What is the treatment of Giardia?
Tinidazole 2g as a single dose or metronidazole 2g d for 3 days or metronidazole 400mg 8 hourly for 5 days.
What are common STIs in Australia?
Chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhoea and human papillomavirus (HPV).
What is the treatment for chlamydia?
Doxycycline 100mg bd for 7 days or azithromycin 1g as a single dose.
What are the symptoms for chlamydia in females?
cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infective procitis, urethritis and conjunctivitis.
What are the symptoms for chlamydia in males?
Epididymo-orchitis, infective procitis, urethritis and conjunctivitis.
What is the treatment for syphilis?
Benzathine benzylpenicillin 2.4 million units IV as a single dose or procaine benzylpenicillin 1.5g IV d for 10 days.
What are the stage of syphilis?
Early syphilis <2 years: primary, secondary and early latent syphilis
Late syphilis
Tertiary syphilis
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
cervicitis, epididymo-orchitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infective proctitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis or septic arthritis.
What is the treatment for asymptomatic anorectal or genital gonoccoal infection?
ceftriaxone 500 mg in 2 mL of 1% lidocaine intramuscularly, or 500 mg intravenously, as a single dose
PLUS
azithromycin 1 g orally, as a single dose.
What is the treatment for pharyngeal gonoccocal infection?
ceftriaxone 500 mg in 2 mL of 1% lidocaine intramuscularly, or 500 mg intravenously, as a single dose
PLUS
azithromycin 2 g orally with food, as a single dose
What is the treatment of genital warts caused by HPV?
imiquimod 5% cream topically, 3 times weekly on alternate days at bedtime until warts resolve (usually 8 to 16 weeks)
OR
podophyllotoxin 0.5% paint topically, twice daily for 3 days followed by a 4-day break; repeat weekly for 4 to 6 cycles until warts resolve
