Week 4 Flashcards
Continuous Reinforcement
Every correct response results in a reinforcement
Ratio Schedule
Reinforcements are based on the amount of responding
Interval Schedule
Reinforcements are based on the amount of time between
Fixed Schedule
Schedule of reinforcement stays the same
Variable Schedule
Schedule of reinforcement can vary between reinforcements
Fixed Ratio
Reinforcement is delivered after a specific and predictable number of responses
Variable Ratio
The number of responses required to get a reinforcement changes between reinforcements and reinforcements are delivered in an unpredictable way that is tied to an average or algorithm
Fixed Interval
Reinforce the first response occuring after a set amount of time. Reinforcement is delivered on a predictable time interval.
Variable Interval
First response is reinforced following a variable amount of time, unpredictable time interval
Classical Conditioning
Occurs when an organism associates a specific stimulus with a response
Reinforcement
Makes a behaviour more likely to occur
Negative Reinforcement
Something undesirable didn’t happen, encourages positive behaviour to reoccur by removing a negative consequence or stimuli
Positive Reinforcement
Something desirable happened when something positive is given given after a behaviour
Punishment
Makes a behaviour less likely to reoccur
Positive Punishment
Something undesirable happened, adding a negative stimulus or consequence
Negative Punishment
Something desirable didn’t happen, removing a positive stimulus
Appraisal Theories
Each emotion is caused by a group of appraisals, which are evaluations and judgments of what events in the world mean for our goals and well being
Functionalist Theories of Emotion
Emotions help people manage important tasks, emphasizes the adaptive role of an emotion in handling common problems throughout evolutionary history
Impasse Driven Learning
When people want to learn something just for the sake of it, not for an external reward
Perceptual Learning
When the brain gets better at recognizing and understanding things you see, hear or feel through practice and experience
Implicit Learning
When something is learnt without realizing that it is actively being learnt. Happens without conscious effort, changes in behaviour without having intended to learn something
Implicit Memory
A type of long-term memory that does not require conscious thought to encode. Changes in behaviour that reveals the influence of past experiences without intending to use that experience.
Explicit Memory
Type of memory where things are remembered on purpose and are consciously remembered
Encoding
When new information is taken in and transformed into a format that the brain can store
