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Nsg 3120 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

What is trauma?

A

Experiences that cause intense physical and psychological stress reactions

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2
Q

What can experiences of trauma refer to?

A

One event, a series of events, or a set of circumstances experienced as harmful

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3
Q

List common reactions to trauma.

A
  • Anxiety, Fear or Terror
  • Re-experiencing the Trauma
  • Helplessness, Guilt or Shame
  • Avoidance or Detached
  • Hypervigilance
  • Difficulty Concentrating or Decision Making
  • Anger, Sadness, Grief or Depression
  • Fatigue or Exhaustion
  • Dissociation
  • Substance Use
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4
Q

What are the types of trauma disorders?

A
  • Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
  • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  • Adjustment Disorders (AD)
  • Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
  • Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
  • Other and Unspecified Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
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5
Q

What are the symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder?

A
  • Severe anxiety
  • Dissociation
  • Flashback episodes
  • Nightmares
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Poor concentration
  • Hypervigilance
  • Avoiding or withdrawing from reminders of the trauma
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6
Q

When do symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder typically appear?

A

3 days to 4 weeks after the event and usually resolve by 4 weeks

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7
Q

What are the four clusters of symptoms in PTSD?

A
  • Intrusion symptoms
  • Avoidance symptoms
  • Negative alterations in cognitions or moods
  • Alterations in arousal and reactivity
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8
Q

What is the duration for PTSD symptoms to be diagnosed?

A

Symptoms must have lasted longer than a month

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9
Q

What are some trauma-focused interventions for treating PTSD?

A
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  • Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
  • Cognitive Therapy (CT)
  • Exposure Therapy (EXP)
  • Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP)
  • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
  • Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)
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10
Q

What pharmacological treatments are mentioned for PTSD?

A
  • Zoloft (sertraline)
  • Paxil (paroxetine)
  • THC and CBD
  • Psychedelics
  • MDMA
  • Ketamine
  • Psilocybin
  • LSD
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11
Q

What are the types of abuse mentioned?

A
  • Physical
  • Verbal
  • Sexual
  • Emotional
  • Psychological
  • Spiritual
  • Cultural
  • Neglect
  • Financial
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12
Q

What is the prevalence of abuse among intimate partners?

A

Female victims (79%); male victims (21%)

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13
Q

What are some common risk factors for victims of abuse?

A
  • Pregnancy (unwanted)
  • Attempts to leave a relationship
  • Children under 3 years
  • Poor mental/physical health in older adults
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14
Q

What are the components of assessment for abuse?

A
  • History of sexual abuse
  • Family violence
  • Drug/alcohol use
  • Assess support systems
  • Suicide risk
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15
Q

What is the definition of sexual assault?

A

Any sexual activity for which consent is not obtained or freely given

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16
Q

What is aggravated sexual assault?

A

Life of the victim is endangered or the assault results in injury

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17
Q

What is secondary victimization?

Study These Flashcards
A

Survivors experience further stress or trauma when seeking help

18
Q

List high-risk populations for sexual assault.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Women
  • Young individuals
  • Indigenous
  • Single
  • LGBTQ2S+
  • Mentally ill
19
Q

What are signs of Rape Trauma Syndrome during the acute phase?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Shock
  • Numbness
  • Cognitive impairment
  • Poor concentration
  • Somatic symptoms
20
Q

What is a trauma-informed approach?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Make connections between trauma and coping
  • Ensure victim control over treatment
  • Collaborate to build trust
  • Facilitate coping skills
21
Q

What are some nursing interventions for trauma?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Counseling
  • Self-care
  • Follow-up care
22
Q

Fill in the blank: PTSD rates are ____ times higher than any other trauma.

23
Q

Types of trauma disorders

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Acute stress disorder (ASD)
  2. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  3. Adjustment disorders (AD)
  4. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)
  5. Disinhibition social engagement disorder
  6. Other and unspecific trauma and stressor related disorders
24
Q

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Severe anxiety
  • dissociation/ dissociative amnesia
  • flashback episodes
  • nightmares
  • difficulty sleeping
  • poor concentration
  • hypervigilence
  • avoiding or withdrawing from people, places or experiences that are reminiscent of the trauma
    *Symptoms appears 3days - 4 weeeks after the event anad usually resolved by 4 weeks
25
PTSD symptoms
1. Instruction symptoms - recurrent, involuntary and intrusive recollections of the event 2. Avoidance symptoms - avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma 3. Negative alterations in cognition or moods associated with the event, or numbing 4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity, including heightened sensitivity to potential threats * symptoms must have ;asked longer than a month, and cause clinically significant distress or impairment
26
Front line PTSD treatment
- cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) - cognitive processing therapy (CPT) - cognitive therapy (CT) - exposure therapy (EXP)
27
Other therapies for PTSD
- brief electric psychotherapy (BEP) - eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) - narrative exposure therapy (NET)
28
Pharmacological treatments
SSRIS - Zoloft (sertraline) - Paxil (paroxetine) Alternative - THC and CBD - Psychadelics (MDMA, Ketamine, psilocybin, LSD)
29
Epidemiology of abuse (victims)
Intimate partner - female victims (79%), male victims (21%) - non-heterosexual and indigenous increases incidence Child abuse - exposure to parental violence - neglect, physical, emotional, sexual abuse Older adult - living alone I or in institutional setting - females = family related victimization - males - acquaintances or stranger
30
Epidemiology of Abuse: Perpetrators
- perceive own needs as more important than others - poor social skills - pathological jealousy - control of finances - dominance, power and control
31
Victims of abuse
Women - pregnancy (greater risk if unwanted) - attempts to leave relationship Children <3 years - perceived as different - reminder of someone disliked - product of unwanted pregnancy - does not meet expectations Older adults - poor mental/physical health - dependent - abuseive father cared for by daughter - older woman armed for by abusive spouse - female e>75 years old living with relative
32
Assessment for abuse: components
History of - sexual abuse - family violence - drug/alcohol use or abuse Assess support systems available Suicide risk Ensure only nurse and patient are present
33
Techniques for assessment for abuse
- private location/ setting - establish rapport - reassure of safety - be non-judgemental - ask open ended questions - no interruptions - be open, direct, supportive
34
What are the stages to abuse
1. Tension building 2. Acute explosion 3. Honeymoon *denial exists at the centre of all of it
35
What are secondary effects of violence
- depression - suicidal ideation - chronic PTSD symptoms - dissociation - interpersonal disturbances - substance abuse - re-victimization
36
Power and control ideas
- intimidation - emotional abuse - isolation - minimizing, denying and blaming - using children - economic abuse - male privilege - coercion and threats
37
Reporting Abuse
Adult female abuse - not mandatory to report - woman chooses whether to report or not - must give consent prior to nurse contacting authorities Child abuse - suspected or actual MUST be reported Older adults - competency a consideration in consent to disclose - unless, incompetent, help cannot be forced onto the individual - protection for persons in care (PPIC) must report
38
Primary prevention of abuse
- prevent abuse from occurring - education, support services; identify at risk persons
39
Secondary prevention of abuse
Early intervention to minimize long term effects
40
Tertiary prevention
- facilitate healing and rehabilitation - provide support - assist survivors/ victims to achieve optimal safety, health and well being
41
Nursing interventions for abuse
Counselling - plan for escape, counsel about safety Case management - coordinate community, medical, justice, and social systems Milieu management - stability in enviroment Promote self care activities - empowerment

Nsg 3120 (5 decks)

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