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PARA 104 > week 4 > Flashcards

week 4 Flashcards

Airways and airway management

1
Q

Cellular survival (2 parts)

A 
Oxygen delivery (DO2)
Oxygen consumption (VO2)
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2
Q

Airway management

A

Defined as the interventions that provide a free and clear passageway to facilitate airflow through the conducting airways of the respiratory system

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3
Q

Nose and nasal cavity functions

A

• First passage of inspired air
• Warms the air: very vascular
• Humidifies the air: Mucous lining moistens air, i.e. air becomes saturated with
water vapour.
• Filters the air: Hair and mucous. Cilia wafts mucous towards throat for
swallowing or coughing.
• Conchae increase surface area and creates turbulences for above.
• Olfactory function: Nerve endings in cribriform plate of ethmoid bones and superior concha (Olfactory Nerve = CN1)

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4
Q

Pharynx functions

A
  • Passageway for air and food
  • Warming and humidifying of air
  • Taste
  • Hearing
  • Protection
  • Speech
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5
Q

Larynx

A
  • Production of sound/speech
  • Airway protection
  • Passage of air
  • Humidifying, filtering, warming air
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6
Q

Divisions of respiratory tract

A

Upper respiratory tract

Lower respiratory tract

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7
Q

Lower respiratory tract (components)

A 
Larynx (voice box)
• Trachea
• Lungs
- Left and right bronchi (primary bronchi)
- Secondary bronchi
- Tertiary bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
- Alveoli
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8
Q

Basic airway techniques

A
  • Airway position
  • Upper airway inspection
  • Laryngoscopy
  • Triple airway maneuver
  • Clearance with Magill’s forceps
  • Clearance with suctioning
  • Oropharyngeal airway (OPA)
  • Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)
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9
Q

Advanced airway techniques

A
  • Supraglottic airway (SGA) / laryngeal airway (LMA)
  • Endotracheal tube (ETT)
  • Cricothyroidotomy
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10
Q

Neutral head alignment

A

Neutral head alignment is appropriate for patients requiring ventilation who can be positioned supine
• Adults: 2-5cm pad under their occiput
• Children: supine
• Newborn/infants: under shoulder padding

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11
Q

Sniffing position

A

Similar to the neutral position, only with an increase occipital elevation.

Align centre of ear (external auditory meatus) with suprasternal notch

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12
Q

Lateral side position

A

The lateral side position can be used to assist with airway drainage/clearance

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13
Q

Triple airway manoeuvre

A

Head tilt
Chin lift
Jaw thrust

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14
Q

Laryngoscope

A

The laryngoscope is used to inspect lower in the

airway, specifically the larynx.

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15
Q

Manual Airway clearance

A
  1. Log roll patient; Utilise gravity to assist drainage and mandible/ tongue movement
  2. Remove foreign matter, using two ‘hooked’ fingers in a downward sweeping motion.
  3. Perform Triple Airway Manoeuvre again and assess oropharynx and breathing
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16
Q

Suctioning complications

A
  • Airway trauma
  • Stimulate coughing or gagging
  • Hypoxia
  • Vagal stimulation
17
Q

Suctioning (2 types)

A

Yankauer
• Oropharynx
• Remove thicker secretions from the oropharynx

Y suction catheter
• Narrower
• Use in small children/neonates
• Suction down airway tubes
(OPA, NPA, LMA, ETT)
18
Q

Suctioning

A

Suction intermittently and suction for no more than 10 seconds at a time

remove vomit, blood or saliva or froth

19
Q

Magill forceps

A

Are intended to be used in conjunction with a laryngoscope for the removal of foreign objects

20
Q

Oropharyngeal airway (OPA)

A

This assists in maintaining forward displacement of tongue and provides an open conduit of air to pass through the oropharynx

Measure from teeth to corner of jaw (curving up)

21
Q

Complications OPA

A
  • Airway trauma from OPA placement
  • Intolerance of OPA

• May precipitate vomiting/ aspiration in patient with
intact gag reflex

  • Incorrect size or placement can potentially exacerbate airway obstruction.
  • Push tongue back causing occlusion
  • Fall into the airway
22
Q

Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)

A

Typically used in the patient requiring
airway management with trismus.

Measured from the septum to the ear lobe

23
Q

Signs of deteriorating airway

A 
• Visual cues
• Audible cues
• Difficulty ventilating the patient (e.g. brick bag)
• Decreasing tidal volume and tidal volume in the
spontaneously breathing patient
• Increasing heart rate
• ECG changes
• Decreasing SpO2
• Poor skin sign (pallor, cyanosis)
24
Q

Choking patient

A

Back blows

Chest thrusts

PARA 104 (11 decks)

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