week 4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is spinal bifida?
- Incomplete formation of bony canal containing the spinal cord
- neural tube deficit
- Not enough folic acid
What are the three types of Spina Bifida?
- Occulta (least severe)
posterior arches of vertebrae don’t fuse - Meningocele
• meninges protrude through opening in spinal column, forming a sac
• Treatment- surgical intervention in first 24-48 hours of life - Myelomeningocele
• Protrusion of portion of spinal cord and meninges through defect in spinal column
• Treatment- surgical intervention within first 24 hours of life
What is muscle dystrophy?
- Progressive degeneration and weakening of skeletal muscles
- Genetic defect, x-linked
- More common in males
- Death 10-15 years after onset, usually from heart or lung problems
What is down syndrome?
- Mild to severe mental development delay
- Trisomy 21
- Associated with other congenital defects: heart, skeletal muscle and GI development
What are the three types of cerebral palsy?
- Spastic- hyperactive reflexes; hypotonicity, scissor gait pattern
- Athetosis- fluctuating tone and excessive movement; slow involuntary movements of the face and extremities or proximal regions of the neck and trunk; difficulty with speech and oral motor control
- Ataxia- lack of control over voluntary muscles; poor balance; and wide gait; progressive
What is the difference between DMD and CP?
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is progressive
What is infant respiratory distress syndrome?
- Improper lung expansion
- Potentially fatal lack of oxygen
- Inadequate gas exchange
What is cystic fibrosis?
• Hereditary autosomal recessive trait that causes chronic issues of the exocrine glands
What are the clinical manifestations CF vs CP?
- CF: chronic dysfunction of the endocrine glands attacks the lungs and digestive system
- Thick mucus accumulates and obstructs the glandular ducts
- Salty tasting skin
- CP: damage to the CNS
What is hydrocephalus?
• Increased production or blocked circulation of cerebrospinal fluid -Increased brain ventricle size, bulging fontanelles, increased intracranial pressure and/or skull size
What are the signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus??
Irritability, abnormal muscle tone in lower extremities, high pitched cry, projectile vomiting
Treatment?
Surgical intervention to place shunt in ventricular or subarachnoid spaces to drain excessive CSF
What is the role of a PT?
- ROM
- MMT
- Postural control
- Mobility
What is turners syndrome?
- female gonadal dysgenesis
- Result from loss of 1 X chromosome
Treatment for turners syndrome?
- Estrogen and growth hormone therapy
* Surgical correction of anomalies (webbing of neck)
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
- Male hypogonadism
* Appears after puberty when two X chromosomes and 1 or more Y chromosomes are present
Treatment for Kleinfelter syndrome?
long term hormone replacement with testosterone
What is clubfoot?
• Obvious, nondramatic foot deformity- anterior half of foot is adducted and inverted
Treatment of clubfoot?
• Serial casting or splints early in neonatal period; education regarding skin care
What is Congenital hip dysplasia?
• Abnormal development of hip joint ranging from unstable joint to dislocation of femoral head from acetabulum
Treatment of congenital hip dysplasia?
• Reduction of dislocation, application of cast or splint
What is cleft lip/palate?
• Congenital birth defects- 1 or more clefts in upper lip or hole in middle of roof of the mouth
Treatment of cleft lip?
Surgical repair as soon as possible
who is in the interprofessional team of a patient with cleft lip?
Speech language pathologist, communication disorders assistant, dietician and OT’s
