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Pharma > Week 4 antiinfectives > Flashcards

Week 4 antiinfectives Flashcards

1
Q

Carbapenems
imipenem are used to treat what?

A

serious bacterial infections and pneumonia

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2
Q

what are side effects of imipenem

A

Superinfections.
C-diff
N/V

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3
Q

What drugs will interact with carbapenems
What conditions would contraindicate carbapenems

A

Do not give to patients on PCN and cephalosporins
This should not be given in pregnancy
.

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4
Q

What are the nursing implications of carbapanems

A

probiotic yogurt.
C&S, Pregnancy tests, PCN allergies.

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5
Q

Cephalosporin’s examples

A

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefaclor PO
Ceftriaxone IV

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6
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

interfere with cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

Cephalosporins indication

A

UTI
Surgery infection prevention

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8
Q

Cephalosporins SE/AE

A

GI track upset
C-diff
Renal insufficiency
bleeding

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9
Q

Cephalosporins
interactions/Contraindication

A

ETOH
PCN allergies
liver/kidney problems,
aminoglycosides

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9
Q

Cephalosporins
interactions/Contraindication

A

ETOH
PCN allergies Aminoglycosides
liver/kidney problems {PCN}

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10
Q

Nsg implication when taking cephalosporins, what would you want to assess? what about explain?

A

assess C&S
Get a renal function test Creatine (.5-1.1)
Get a liver function ALT (10-55)
-cephalosporins are harsh on the liver/kidneys
Avoid ETOH 72hrs after therapy because of Antabuse effect.

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11
Q

Penicillin
amoxicillin piperacillin
MOA

A

MOA: stops cell wall syth

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12
Q

Penicillin is used to treat?

A

strep throat
prevent endocarditis
sinus infection
peritonitis

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13
Q

Penicillin SE/AE

A

anaphylaxis, Hives, angioedema
itching, renal impairment
-hyperkalemia, dysthymias hypernatremia

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14
Q

Penicillin contraindicating and interactions

A

Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides
renal disease
NSAIDS, contraceptives
warfarin

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15
Q

What drugs does PCN interact with?

A

cephalosporins and aminoglycosides
Warfarin, NSAIDS, birth control

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16
Q

cephalosporins reduce what vitamin causing what effect?

A

vitamin K
reduce coagulation

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17
Q

what should a nurse know of PCN?

A

Asses for any allergies to cephalosporins, and PCN
are they on cephs or aminoglycosides

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18
Q

pt edu of penicillin

A

PCN will reduce Vit K and coagulative effects
take PCN 1 hr before food or 2 hrs after
do not take with juice-inhibits drug
it will interact with B/C “child care cillins and cyclines”
take w/ a glass of water
watch pt for 30 min p admin

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19
Q

Sulfonamides examples

A

sulfadiazine
sulfamethoxazole

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20
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Drugs will inhibit folic acid syth for nucleic acids

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21
Q

Sulfonamides is used to treat what?

A

UTI,
E coli,
klebsiella
staph infections, CA MRSA

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22
Q

Sulfonamide se/ae

A

Sun avoidance due to photosensitivity
Steven Johnsons syndrome Skin peeling
N/V, diarrhea, renal effects

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23
Q

Sulfonamides interactions/contraindications

A

thiazide diuretics,
oral hypoglycemic-will drop blood sugar even more

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24
Q

Sulfonamides pt edu

A

wearing sunscreen/avoid sun
drinking 8-10 glasses of water
-will lower renal damage and crystal formation

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25
Q

Tetracyclines
examples

A

doxycycline
tetracycline
minocycline

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26
Q

tetracycline MOA

A

stops protein synthesis preventing replication of pos a neg

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27
Q

tetracycline treatment

A

chlamydia
acne vulgaris
pneumonia
Lyme disease

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28
Q

Side effects/AE of tetracyclines

A

photosensitive “Fun in The Sun”
N/V, diarrhea
superinfections
bone discoloration and damage
harmful to baby

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29
Q

contraindications of tetracycline

A

Pregnancy category D
dont use if under 8 yrs
discolors teeth by binding to Ca

30
Q

what does tetracycline interact with?

A

Dairy, antacids, and Fe, Ca, Mg supplements
Oral contraceptives
Child with penicillin and tetracyclines

31
Q

tetracycline patient education

A

The sun protection needed
avoid milk/dairy and antacids by 2hrs because iron and antacids inhibit cyclines
take with water and food to ease GI upset
alt BC

32
Q

Macrolides examples

A

clindamycin
erythromycin
azithromycin
(thromycin)

33
Q

macrolides MOA

A

prevent protein syth, bactericidal and bacteriostatic

34
Q

Macrolides indication

A

used for patients with PCN allergies
to treat strep, gonorrhea, chlamydia

35
Q

Macrolides erythromycin SEAE

A

CNS and GI uset
hepatotoxicity and superinfections

36
Q

Azithromycin SEAE

A

longer duration of action, better efficacy, fewer GI AE

37
Q

Clindamycin SEAE

A

c-diff

38
Q

macrolides interactions contraindications

A

hepatic impairment, warfarin, and digoxin

39
Q

Aminoglycosides
mysin drugs
new gentleman tobra

A

gentamycin
neomycin
tobramycin

40
Q

Aminoglycosides most serious adverse effects are? the most common?
my sin

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
dizzy

41
Q

Aminoglycosides contraindications are

A

renal and hepatic disease, hearing loss

42
Q

aminoglycosides biggest interactions include which types of drugs and should NEVER be mixed with this drug in an IV solution?

A

interacts with loop diuretics increasing otoxicity
do not mix aminoglycosides with PCN in the same IV EVER

43
Q

What are the nurisng implications of aminoglycosides

A

monitor peak and trough
peak is 30 min p admin
trough is right before next does

-this is in order to prevent toxicity
-always perform renal function tests, hematuria, bun, and creatine.

44
Q

aminoglycosides pt ed

A

drink lotta water
report tinnitus ringing of ototoxicity

45
Q

aminoglycosisdes interacts with

A

ceph and PCN

46
Q

aminoglycosisdes interacts with

A

ceph and PCN

47
Q

Fluroquinolones examples

A

ciproflaxin
levofloxacin

48
Q

Fluroquinolones MOA

A

interferes with DNA replication

49
Q

Fluroquinolones treats what?

A

Cipro anthrax UTI
Levaquin respiratory track

50
Q

Fluroquinolones SE AE Black box

A

Achilles tendon rupture

51
Q

Fluroquinolones SE AE

A

Achilles tendon rupture
GI- N/V diarrhea
superinfection thrush
photoxicity
c-diff cipro

52
Q

Fluroquinolones contraindicated by…

A

anyone under 18 unless they have anthrax or a E. Coli

53
Q

Fluroquinolones interactions

A

Antacids-absorption
Ca, Mg, Fe, Zinc interactions

54
Q

Fluroquinolones as a nurse,, you should know

A

C&S
any meds that may interact with Fluroquinolones, like antacids should be taken 1 hr before

55
Q

Vancomycin
very toxic
MOA

A

destroy bacterial cell wall

56
Q

Vancomycin
very serious
indication

A

MRSA,
C-diff

57
Q

Vancomycin
SE//AE

A

ototoxic, nephrotoxic
red man syndromes (rash, flushing)
tachy-antihistamines can reduce the side effects

58
Q

Vancomycin
very serious
is interacted/contraindicated by

A

loop diuretics
aminoglycoside
both with increase otoxicity

59
Q

Vancomycin nursing implications

A

assess I&O
-renal function test BUN Creatine
trough level of 10-20mcg/mL
hearing loss

60
Q

Because vancomycin is so irritating what can you do as a nurse to help reduce AE

A

admin slowly over 60min
rapid infusion can cause hypotension

61
Q

Nursing implications of ABT

A

getting cultures
risk of superinfections c-diff, yeast, thrush, kills our flora
white discharge, yellow, on tongue, fould odor, redness in folds
C-diff: watery frequent foul smelling diarrhea, pain cramps,
Take med as prescribed
N/V, diarrhea is common

62
Q

Nursing implications of ABT theraputic effects

A

improved s/sx
decreased WBC
normal vitals
negative culture and sensitive test
no fever, lethargy drainage, redness

63
Q

Nursing implications of ABT adverse reactions

A

hypersensitvity
anaphylaxis wheezing SOB swollen tongue hives

64
Q

pt edu for all ABT

A

druk fuluid
take as prescribed
report SOB, dyspnea, hives/urticaria, Headache, changes in urine output

65
Q

Antitburcular

A

isoniazid
rifampin
rifabutin
rifapentine
pyrazinamide

66
Q

MOA antiTB

A

TARGET dna of bacteria

67
Q

Isoniazid SE/AE

A

peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity

68
Q

Antitubercular contraindication

A

renal or hepatic failure/issues

69
Q

Interactions antitubercular

A

Rifampin + isoniazid = hepatotoxicity
isoniazid and phenytoin= increased phenytoin effect

70
Q

Nursing implication of AnitTB
therapeutic effect

A

decrease s/sx
better chest XRT
negative C&S

71
Q

Pt edu of antiTB

A

rifampin-orange
Avoid alcohol
report fever, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, bloody stool, jaundice
tx can be 12 mo
affect BC efficacy

72
Q

Puriifed protein derivative mantoux

A

screenign for tb
resutls indicated by skin, the chest x-ray, then culture
10mm tall
Bacille Calmette Guerin BCG is against TB causes false postivies 60-80%

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