week 4- body composition & flexibility Flashcards
what is body composition?
The relative amounts of fat and fat-free tissues in the body
how is body compositin expressed / what does it determine?
- Expressed as a percentage
- Can determine if a person is underweight, normal, overweight, or obese
What is overweight?
when a person is over the recommended body fat percentage
what are the percentages for someone considered obese?
- over 25% for men
- Over 35% for women
what is essential fat and use?
- located in nerves and cell membranes
- necessary for body functioning
- 3% for men
- 12% for women
where is storage fat located ?
- located in adipose tissue
(visceral- around organs)
(subcutanous- below the skin)
what is a healthy storage fat percentage range for men and women?
Men:
- 8-19% adult
- 12-15% young adult
Women:
- 21-32% adult
- 21-25% young adult
what is android pattern of obesity?
- Fat primarily stored in upper body and around waist
- Most common in men
- Greater risk of gaining heart diesease / diabetes
What is gynoid pattern of obesity?
- Fat primarily stored in waist, hips, and thighs
- Most common in women
what is creeping obesity?
- Gradual fat gain over a period of time
- poor nutrition and decrease in physical activity plays a factor
- weight gain so gradual that individual doesn’t get concerned until years later, when it is more noticible
what are chronic conditions of overweight and obesity?
- heart diesease
- diabetes
- osteoarthritis
- joint pain
- cancers
- sleep apnea
- gallbladder diesease
- menstral abnormality
- difficulties with conception/ pregnancy complications
What are mental benefits of a healthy weight?
- better self- esteem / body image
- more positive mindset
- less anxiety/ depression
What are physical benefits of a healthy weight?
- lower risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diesease, and cancer
- easier motion for physical activity/ everday living
- lower death rate
What are health effects of being underweight?
- loss of mucle mass/strength resulting from malnutrition
- osteoperosis
- mentral abnormalities leading to infertility
- severe underweight from eating disorders
- heart problems
- digestive disorders
- kidney damage
- muscle weakness
- dry skin
- compromised immune function
What is anerexia nervosa?
- being 15% below recommmended body weight
- not being able/willing to maintain that weight
- fear of gaining weight
- distorted body image
- amenorrhea lasting 3 or more months (loss of period)
what is bulimia nervosa?
- overeating/ binge eating followed by purging or over exercising
- sense of lack of control when binging
- dissatification with body shape/size
what is the female athlete triad?
- disordered eating
- amenorrhea
- osteoperosis
what is amenorrhea?
- lack or regular menstral cycle
- 3 months or more
- occurs when there isn’t enough body fat to sustain reproduction
- warning signs if body not functioning properly
what is bone loss?
- progressive loss can lead to oseopenia, leading to osteoperosis
- happens to women more than men
- losses can be more rapis due to hormones, genetice, lifestyle, certain medications, poor nutrition, and physical inactivity.
what does RED-S stand for?
relative energy deficiency in sport
What is RED-S?
- impared physiological functioning caused by relative energy deficiency
- impairment of metabolic rate, menstral function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular health
- male athletes are similarly affected
Who is at risk for RED-S?
- potentially all physical active individuals
- those that are involved in a sport that requies low body weight
- adolescents going through changes due to puberty combined with peer pressure/ drive to be thin
what can coaches do for people at risk for RED-S?
- be aware
- be sure athletes have one component for screening
- learn about preventing the risk factors (reduce pressure on girls to lose weight)
- educate athletes about proper nutrition, safe training, and risk factors of RED-S
What are the 5 anatomical factors that limit movement?
1) shape of bones
2) muscle tightness
3) tight tendons
4) tight skin
5) connective tissues
