Week 4 - Carbs Flashcards
Name 3 monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose and fructose
Food examples of glucose
Honey, sugar, fruit, confectionery, cakes, biscuits
Food examples of fructose
fruit, vegetables & honey
disaccharides are
2 monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond
α (alpha) glycosidic bonds are ____ digested
easily
β (beta) glycosidic bonds are ___ easily digested except _______
not
lactose by lactase
sucrose is made from
glucose + fructose
sucrose food examples
sugar beet & cane, added to manufactured foods, found naturally in fruit, veg and some cereals
Lactose is made from
glucose + galactose
lactose food/drink examples
milk and milk products
Maltose food/drink examples
found in germinating grains as starch is broken down, eg, barley or wheat, manufacture of beer, malted drinks
Maltose is made from
glucose + glucose
Oligosaccharides are typically
3 -10 monosaccharide units
Some oligosaccharides with α1-4 bonds are ___ digested e.g. ____
well
maltodextrins
Some oligosaccharides with B1-4 bonds are ___ digested e.g. ____
poorly
insulin
Poorly digested CHO passes to _____ and some is broken down by ____
large bowel
bacteria
What do probiotics do?
control the growth of harmful bacteria
Prebiotic’s are carbohydrates that ….
cannot be digested in the small intestine
Prebiotics are food for
large bowel bacteria and aim to promote growth of healthy bacteria
Polysaccharides are
long chain monosaccharide units (20+) arranged in straight or branched chains with α 1-4 links
startch is ___ ___ eaten raw
quite indigestible
what does milling do
disrupts cell walls
Starch granules ____ when cooked with water and the starch forms a ____ that can be more easily digested by _____
swell
solution
enzymes
If moist starchy foods are heated then cooled – the amylose and amylopectin will form ___
gels
