week 4 - foot and ankle

Question 1

What are some subjective questions for the ankle of foot that you would want to ask?

Answer 1

aggs -> weight bearing, walking, stairs, running, tip toes
instability
mechanism of injury
neurological symptoms
lumbar symptoms

Question 2

What movements combine to make eversion?

Answer 2

dorsiflexion, abduction and pronation

Question 3

What movements combine to produce inversion?

Answer 3

plantarflexion, adduction and supination

Question 4

how much dorsiflexion is normal in the foot?

Answer 4

20

Question 5

How much plantarflexion is normal in the foot?

Answer 5

50

Question 6

How much inversion is normal in the foot?

Answer 6

45-60

Question 7

How much eversion is normal in the foot?

Answer 7

15-30

Question 8

What is considered a normal distance for the knee to wall test?

Answer 8

12.5 cm

Question 9

Which accessory movements are available at the ankle and foot?

Answer 9

traction
AP
PA
Talar tilt

Question 10

What does the anterior draw test test for?

Answer 10

laxity in the ankle joint

Question 11

What does the talar tilt test test for?

Answer 11

assesses laxity and irritability of ligaments of the lateral ankle

Question 12

What does a positive anterior drawer test look like?

Answer 12

excessive PA movement

Question 13

What does a positive talar tilt test look like?

Answer 13

excessive laxity or pain

Question 14

What does the Thompson test assess?

Answer 14

Achilles rupture

Question 15

How do you carry out the Thompson test?

Answer 15

observe for plantarflexion at the ankle when you squeeze the bulk of gastrocnemius

Question 16

What does a positive Thompson test look like?

Answer 16

if no movement, the test is positive and suspect a rupture

Question 17

What are some common signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprain that you will find out in the subjective?

Answer 17

arise from sudden mechanism of injury
pain on lateral ankle
initial inflammatory signs
painful to weight bear and difficulty with functional activities
history of ankle sprains increases the risk of recurring sprains

Question 18

What are some common signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprain that you may find in the objective?

Answer 18

inflammation on lateral ankle
restricted AROM
laxity/pain on anterior drawer and talar tilt tests
tender on palpation of lateral ankle ligaments

Question 19

What are some common signs and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture that you will find out in subjective?

Answer 19

often report an audible snap or pop during sport or running activity
sudden, significant pain in the back of the calf or back of the ankle

Question 20

What are some common signs and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture that you will find out in the objective?

Answer 20

swelling/bruising
altered angle of declination
palpable tendon gap
Thompson test

Question 21

What is Simmonds triad?

Answer 21

altered angle of declination - foot drops into dorsiflexion
palpable tendon gap
Thompson test

Question 22

How do you carry out the anterior drawer test?

Answer 22

patient in sitting or lying supine
flex knee to neutralise tricep surae
place ankle 10-20 degrees of plantarflexion
stabilise tibia
cup heel and pull forward

Question 23

For the talar tilt test what does plantarflexion and inversion test?

Answer 23

ATFL

Question 24

For the talar tilt test, what does neutral and inversion test?

Answer 24

CFL

Question 25

For the talar tilt test what does dorsiflexion and inversion test?

Answer 25

PTFL