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Ortho Eval > Week 4 - Problem Solving: How to Improve Strength > Flashcards

Week 4 - Problem Solving: How to Improve Strength Flashcards

1
Q

the highest amount of effort exerted by the muscles of the body in order to overcome the most resistance in a SINGLE effort.

A

muscular strength

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2
Q

the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.

A

muscular endurance

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3
Q

ability of muscles to produce force in or at a given time.

A

muscle power

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4
Q

proportional to the speed at which you can apply the maximal force

A

muscle power

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5
Q

Name 4 assessments used for determining strength.

A
  • MMT
  • Functional Muscle Strength
  • Dynamometer
  • Pinch Gauge
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6
Q

When does muscular strength improve?

A

when muscle is stressed (so that an increase # of motor units are recruited).

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7
Q

Muscles must be stressed to the point of ____ in order to ____ and strengthen.

A

fatigue, hypertrophy

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8
Q

Name 5 exercised parameters that can be manipulated to improve strength.

A
  • type of muscle contraction
  • intensity or load
  • duration of contraction
  • rate or velocity of contraction
  • frequency of exercise
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9
Q

Name 2 aspects of using occupations to increase strength.

A
  • may be sufficient for strengthening

- may be more motivating

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10
Q

Name 2 aspects of using exercise to increase strength.

A
  • can be specifically targeted.

- may be “occupation” for some

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11
Q

the systematic performance of planned physical movements, postures, or activities

A

therapeutic exercise

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12
Q

How does therapeutic exercise differ from traditional exercise programs?

A

they are designed by rehab professionals to achieve MEASURABLE outcomes.

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13
Q

Describe general guidelines for therapeutic exercises during the acute management phase.

A
  • minimize joint effusion and interstitial edema
  • reduce pain
  • AROM as tolerated.
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14
Q

Describe general guidelines for therapeutic exercises during the sub acute management phase.

A
  • minimize joint effusion and interstitial edema
  • reduce pain
  • PROM
  • early controlled mobilization (if tendons repaired)
  • don’t forget “non-involved” joints.
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15
Q

Describe general guidelines for therapeutic exercises during the rehabilitation management phase.

A
  • restore ROM, muscular strength, endurance

- prepare for return to work, ADLs, leisure

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16
Q

muscles move through ROM

A

isotonic exercises

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17
Q

Name the 2 types of isotonic contractions.

A
  • concentric

- eccentric

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18
Q

Name the 2 types of isotonic strengthening.

A
  • Delorme technique of PROGRESSIVE resistive exercise

- Oxford technique of REGRESSIVE resistive exercise

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19
Q

Does active range alone strengthen a muscle?

A

No

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20
Q

Delorme technique

A

-start low and go up with weights - progressive

21
Q

Oxford technique

A

-start high and go up with weights.

22
Q

static muscle contraction with little/no change in muscle length

A

isometric

23
Q

maximum contraction at a constant speed through full ROM usually done with Cybex machine; matched resistance

A

isokinetic

24
Q

form of specificity training facilitating rapid strength and endurance, calls into play type II fast twitch muscle fibers.

A

plyometric

25
Q

Name 2 contraindications for resistive exercise.

A
  • pain

- inflammation

26
Q

Name 3 purposes for resistive exercise.

A
  • to strengthen
  • to increase endurance
  • to increase power
27
Q

Name 2 precautions for resistive exercise.

A
  • cardiovascular

- fatigue

28
Q

Describe isometric resistive therapeutic exercise.

A
  • used when muscle grade is zero-trace.
  • pt. is asked to hold position 10 times.
  • rest in btwn
  • OT increases durations of contraction (“hold”) when pt. improves
  • pt. may need to be in a gravity eliminated position.
29
Q
  • exercise in which movement is performed by the voluntary effort of the pt. with ASSISTANCE of an external force to complete the ROM.
  • assistance given by OT, pt. equipment.
A

Active Assisted ROM exercise (AAROM)

30
Q

Describe isotonic active-assistive ROM therapeutic exercises. (when is it used, how is it used, etc.)

A
  • when muscle grade is poor (-) to fair (-).
  • pt. moves actively as far as he or she can, OT helps complete the movement.
  • can be either concentric or eccentric
  • different from PROM bc pt. does some of the muscle contraction.
31
Q

Describe isotonic active ROM therapeutic exercises (when is it used, how is it used, etc.)

A
  • when muscle grade is poor - fair.
  • patient moves through full ROM
  • may need to be in gravity free (eliminated) position.
  • ex: 10 reps x 3 sets
  • can give them more repetitions but not weight
  • take break in btwn sets
32
Q

Describe isotonic active resistive/progressive resistive exercise (PREs) (when is it used, how is it used, etc.)

A
  • muscle grade is poor (+) - good (+)
  • pt. moves through full ROM with resistance
  • repetitions may need to be increased
33
Q

How can you change the resistance on a pronation/supination bar?

A
  • add more weight

- change position of weights (changing resistance arm - move weights down towards middle = easier)

34
Q
  • muscle is maximally contracting at the same speed throughout the whole range of the related lever.
  • requires the use of special equipment to produce an accommodating resistance.
A

isokinetic contractions/exercise

35
Q

How should resistance/repetitions be used to strengthen?

A

high resistance, few repetitions

36
Q

How should resistance/repetitions be used to improve endurance?

A

light resistance, many repetitions (drawback: overuse injury)

37
Q

How should resistance/repetitions be used to improve power?

A
  • muscle works dynamically against resistance within a specified period.
  • can use plyometric exercise, usually for lower extremities.
38
Q
  • exercises that are explosive, fast-acting movements to develop muscular power and to improve overall speed.
  • muscles exert maximum force in the shortest amt of time possible
  • generally used for athletes, fitness training.
A

plyometric exercise

39
Q

Describe the Delorme technique in numbers.

A
  • Determine the 10 RM
  • 10 reps at 50% of 10 RM
  • 10 reps at 75% of 10 RM
  • 10 reps at 100% of 10 RM
40
Q

Describe the Oxford technique in numbers.

A
  • Determine the 10 RM.
  • 10 reps at 100% of 10 RM
  • 10 reps at 75% of 10 RM
  • 10 reps at 50% of 10 RM
41
Q

the weight an individual could lift 10 times before temporary failure of the muscle occurs

A

10-rep maximum (10 RM)

42
Q

Is the Oxford or Delorme method better?

A

both work - one is not necessarily better than the other.

43
Q

Name 6 clinical indications for eccentric exercise.

A
  • mechanical, reproducible joint pain.
  • unidirectional joint crepitus or pain arc
  • deconditioned or low endurance pt. (ex: recent distal radius fracture)
  • plateaus in strength gains
  • tendonitis
  • late-stage rehab and performance training
44
Q

Name 5 types of external resistance.

A
  • gravity
  • cuff weights
  • dumbbells
  • surgical tubing (Elastic resistance - ex: theraband)
  • manual applied resistance
45
Q

ability of muscle group to perform repeated contractions against a load

A

endurance

46
Q

Impaired ____ can lead to limits in IADLs.

A

endurance

47
Q
  • ability of cardiovascular system (heart, lungs, blood) to take in, extract, deliver and use oxygen to remove waste products
  • supports performance of repetitive activities using large muscle groups over time ex: jogging, walking
A

cardiovascular endurance

48
Q

What can happen to individuals with deficits in both muscular and cardiovascular endurance?

A

deconditioning or loss of general endurance

49
Q

Name a modality to help muscle retraining, strength.

A

NMES (neuro-muscular electrical stimulation)

Ortho Eval (24 decks)

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