Week 4 - Psychological Disorders & Cultural Perspectives

Question 1

What are the 2 types of Neurodevelopmental Disorders?

Answer 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD

Question 2

What does the term Neurodevelopmental mean?

Answer 2

A class of disorders that commence during childhood or prenatal development.

Question 3

Autism can be defined as?

Answer 3

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction (eg forming relationships) and restricted, repetitive behaviours.

Question 4

Prevalence of autism?

Answer 4

4 x more common in males

.6-2% of children

Question 5

What is ADHD?

Answer 5

A disorder that first appears in childhood and is characterised by the presence of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity that impacts on daily functioning.

Question 6

In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must …

Answer 6

Occur across multiple settings and be age appropriate

Question 7

Inattention involves

Answer 7

Not listening
Fails to complete tasks
Inability to organise tasks
Reluctant to engage in effortful tasks

Question 8

Hyperactivity/Impulsivity involves

Answer 8

Restlessness
Leaving seat
Often ‘on the go’

Question 9

Prevalence of ADHD in AUS?

Answer 9

2.3-6% of school-aged children

5-9 times more common in males

Question 10

There is evidence that what 2 factors contribute to ADHD development?

Answer 10

Low birth weight and Maternal smoking

Question 11

What is the Neurocognitive Disorder?

Answer 11

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 12

What does the term Neurocognitive mean?

Answer 12

A class of disorders in which the predominant symptom is cognitive impairment (eg memory)

Question 13

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Answer 13

A degenerative brain disorder that involves progressive cognitive decline.

Question 14

Alzheimers Disease can only be technically diagnosed when?

Answer 14

Post mortem

Question 15

What are the 2 ‘types’ of Alzheimers Disease?

Answer 15

Probable: If there is a family history and/or a steady decline
Possible: If there is no family history but there is a decline which cannot be explained by other illness.

Question 16

What is the average life span following a diagnosis of AD?

Answer 16

10 years

Question 17

AD is characterised by the presence of what in the brain?

Answer 17

Neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques and neuron loss.

Question 18

What are neurofibrillary tangles?

Answer 18

Threads of protein that occur within a neuron

Question 19

What are senile plaques?

Answer 19

Deposits caused by debris from degenerating neurons.

Question 20

As well as memory decline, there is what other changes when experience AD? (2)

Answer 20

Mood changes (depression & argumentative)
Language impairment

Question 21

There is evidence to suggest that what (2) contributes to the likelihood of developing AD?

Answer 21

Genes and traumatic brain injury

Question 22

In Anorexia Nervosa BMI =

In Bulimia Nervosa BMI =

Answer 22

Severely underweight

Normal-Overweight

Question 23

Anorexia Nervosa is characterised by what (4) things to do with the body and perception?

Answer 23

1. Severely underweight
2. Intense fear of becoming fat and gaining weight
3. Distorted body image (believing they’re fat when they’re not)
4. Restriction of food relative to the requirements

Question 24

Extreme severity of Anorexia Nervosa is a BMI of what?

Answer 24

15 or below

Question 25

The lifetime prevalence of AN is?

Answer 25

<1%

Question 26

AN is higher in what groups?

Answer 26

elite athletes

Question 27

The onset of AN is when?

Answer 27

Early to middle adolescence, rarely before puberty or after age 50

Question 28

What are the 2 types of AN?

Answer 28

Binge-eating type | Restricting type

Question 29

The restricting type of AN involves

Answer 29

Weight loss accomplished through dieting and fasting

Question 30

The binge-eating/purging type of AN involves

Answer 30

Recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging (self-induced vomiting)

Question 31

Bulimia Nervosa is characterised by what 2 things?

Answer 31

Frequent episodes of binge eating (in a period of time) that are experienced as out of their control After the binge, they engage in vomiting, fasting or exercising

Question 32

Binge eating and the method taken afterwards occur how often on average?

Answer 32

once a week for 3 months

Question 33

What are the mild, moderate, severe and extreme severities of BN?

Answer 33

``` Mild = 1-3 eps a week Moderate = 4-7 eps a week Severe = 8-13 eps a week Extreme = 14 or more eps a week ```

Question 34

There is some evidence to suggest that BN is provoked due to what?

Answer 34

A stressful life event

Question 35

Are both AN and BN highly comorbid with other disorders?

Answer 35

YES

Question 36

BN is less frequent in what type of societies?

Answer 36

Non-Westernised

Question 37

What type of eating disorder has the highest suicide rate?

Answer 37

AN

Question 38

Most research on experiences of symptoms originates from what cultures?

Answer 38

Western

Question 39

People from minority groups are more likely to be diagnosed with what illness? Why?

Answer 39

Schizophrenia & because of more stressors (eg racism, educational support) etc

Question 40

The DSM-5 recommend that clinicians use what

Answer 40

Cultural Formulation Interview

Question 41

The Cultural Formulation Interview defines culture as (V,O,K,P)

Answer 41

The values, orientations, knowledge and practices that individuals derive from membership in groups.

Question 42

``` What are the 4 domains of assessment in the Cultural Formulation Interview? HINTS 1. C D 2. C P of C C S 3. C F SC and PHS 4. C F CHS ```

Answer 42

1. Cultural definition of the problem 2. Cultural perceptions of cause, context and support 3. Cultural factors affecting self coping and past help seeking 4. Cultural factors affecting current help seeking