Week 4- Respiratory System Drugs Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
What drugs are beta 2 agonists?
A
albuterol, levalbuterol, formoterol, salmeterol
2
Q
how does albuterol work?
A
Bind to beta-2 receptors on smooth muscle of bronchial tissue, producing cAMP- opens up airways
3
Q
is albuterol long acting or short acting?
A
short acting
4
Q
what is albuterol used for?
A
BRONCHODILATOR – acute bronchospasm associated w/ asthma or COPD & exercise-induced asthma
5
Q
common side effects of albuterol
A
hypokalemia, anginal pain, hypertension, CNS stimulant effect, headache, PVCs
6
Q
DDI of albuterol
A
interacts w/ digoxin, MAOs, TCAs, Betablockers, coke
7
Q
serious side effects of albuterol
A
could cause seizures
8
Q
what is albuterol?
A
a beta 2 agonist
9
Q
what class is levalbuterol?
A
beta 2 agonist
10
Q
how does levalbuterol work?
A
Bind to beta-2 receptors on smooth muscle of bronchial tissue, producing cAMP- opens up airways
11
Q
is levalbuterol short acting or long acting?
A
Short Acting- should not be monotherapy
12
Q
what is levalbuterol used for?
A
BRONCHODILATOR- bronchospasm w/ reversible obstructive airway disease
13
Q
side effects and adverse reactions to levalbuterol
A
Seizures, hypokalemia, anginal pain, hypertension, CNS stimulant effect, headache, PVCs
13
Q
what drug class is formoterol?
A
beta 2 agonist
13
Q
DDI of levalbuterol
A
Interacts w/ BB, MAOIs, tricyclics, digoxin
14
Q
how does formoterol work?
A
Bind to beta-2 receptors on smooth muscle of bronchial tissue, producing cAMP- opens up airways
15
Q
is formoterol long acting or short acting?
A
long acting
16
Q
what is formoterol used for?
A
BRONCHODILATOR- long acting to prevent bronchospasm or exercise induced asthma
17
Q
side effects of formoterol
A
Seizures, hypokalemia, anginal pain, hypertension, CNS stimulant effect, headache, PVCs
18
Q
can you use formoterol or levalbuterol alone?
A
not monotherapy
19
Q
what drug class is salmeterol?
A
beta 2 agonist
20
Q
how does salmeterol work?
A
Bind to beta-2 receptors on smooth muscle of bronchial tissue, producing cAMP- opens up airways
21
Q
what is the route of formoterol?
A
it is an inhalation powder
22
Q
is salmeterol long acting or short acting?
A
long acting
23
what is salmeterol used for?
BRONCHODILATOR- long- acting bronchodilator for preventing bronchospasm
24
DDI of salmeterol
Interacts w/ BB, MAOIs, TCAs
25
side effects/adverse reactions of beta 2 agonists
Seizures, hypokalemia, anginal pain, hypertension, CNS stimulant effect, headache, PVCs
26
what drug class is theophylline in?
xanthine derivatives
27
what drug is in the xanthine class?
theophylline
28
how does theophylline work?
unknown mechanism, mediated by selective inhibition of specific phosphodiesterases- this produces an increase in C AMP, leads to smooth bronchial tissue
29
when is theophylline used?
not a first line agent... used for COPD in combination with other drugs
30
side effects for theophylline
irritability, restlessness, seizures, insomnia, gastro esophageal reflux
31
monitoring for theophylline
LEVELS NEED TO BE MONITORED 6-12 MONTHS
32
contraindications/precautions for theophylline
true contraindication: hypersensitivity to xanthine, peptic ulcer disease, underlying seizure disorder, risky for cardiac/chf patients
33
DDI of theophylline
cimetidine, disulfiram, fluvoxamine, interferon, mexiletine, rifampin, drugs used to treat seizures (such as carbamazepine, phenytoin)
34
which drugs are anticholinergics?
ipratropium bromide, tiotropium
35
what drug class is ipratropium bromide?
anticholinergic
36
how does ipratropium bromide work?
blocking the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes muscles to contract
37
when is ipratropium used?
bronchodilator! used for COPD/asthma.. not first line, usually used in combo
38
side effects of ipratropium bromide
cough, hoarseness, GI side effects, dry mouth, headache
39
contraindications for ipratropium bromide
contraindicated for patients with sensitivity to atropine, bromide sensitivity
40
what drug class is tiotropium in?
anticholinergic
41
mechanism of action of tiotropium
blocking the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes muscles to contracth
42
how is tiotropium used?
BRONCHODILATOR add on agent for asthma not well controlled (spiriva)
43
is tiotropium a first line agent?
Not first line! Used in combo w/ other med- dry powder
44
side effect of tiotropium
Dry mouth
45
is tiotropium for acute asthma attacks?
no
46
what drug class is montelukast?
leukotriene modifiers
47
how does montelukast work?
inhibition of airway cysteinyl leukotriene receptors
48
is montelukast short acting or long acting
long acting- not a rescue medication
49
what is montelukast used for?
treatment of persistent asthma, exercised induced bronchoconstriction, seasonal allergic rhinitis
50
side effects of leukotriene modifiers
headache, GI upset, myalgia
51
DDI of montelukast
Interacts w/ CYP450 inhibitors: rifampin, phenobarb
52
adverse reactions of montelukast
*risk of neuropsychiatric events in kids*
53
which drugs are corticosteriods?
beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, mometasone furoate, budesonide, fluticasone
54
how do corticosteroids work?
Inhibit IgE and mast cell mediated migration of inflammatory cells into bronchial tissue
55
how does beclomethasone work?
Inhibit IgE and mast cell mediated migration of inflammatory cells into bronchial tissue
56
what is beclomethasone's route?
oral inhalation
57
what is beclomethasone used for?
long term control of asthma
58
side effects of beclomethasone
Xerostomia, tongue irritation, oral candidiasis (rinse mouth)
59
contraindications of beclomethasone
CI: acute asthma attack
Death d/t adrenal insufficiency, avoid w/ cushing’s syndrome
60
what class is budesonide?
corticosteroids
61
how does budesonide work?
Long acting- Inhibit IgE and mast cell mediated migration of inflammatory cells into bronchial tissue
62
route of budesonide?
oral inhalation or intranasal
63
what is budesonide (inhaled) used for?
long-term control of asthma
64
side effects of budesonide (inhaled)
Xerostomia, tongue irritation, oral candidiasis (rinse mouth)
65
Adverse reactions/contraindications of budesonide (inhaled)
CI: acute asthma attack
Death d/t adrenal insufficiency, avoid w/ cushing’s syndrome
66
use of budesonide (intranasal)
allergic rhinitis
67
side effects of budesonide (intranasal)
Nasal itching, irritation, sneezing, dryness
68
med instructions for budesonide (intranasal)
Clear nasal passages before taking medication- not immediate
69
what class of drug is Mometasone furoate
corticosteroid
70
how does Mometasone furoate work?
Inhibit IgE and mast cell mediated migration of inflammatory cells into bronchial tissue
71
what route is Mometasone furoate
Oral inhalation
72
what is Mometasone furoate used for
Long-term control of asthma
73
side effects of Mometasone furoate
Xerostomia, tongue irritation, oral candidiasis (rinse mouth)
74
contraindications and precautions of Mometasone furoate
CI: acute asthma attack
Death d/t adrenal insufficiency, avoid w/ cushing’s syndrome
75
what kind of drug is fluticason
corticosteroid
76
how does fluticasone work
Inhibit IgE and mast cell mediated migration of inflammatory cells into bronchial tissue
77
what routes are available for fluticasone
intranasal and oral inhalation
78
what is intranasal fluticasone used for
Allergic rhinitis
79
what is oral inhalation fluticasone used for
Long-term control of asthma
80
side effects of intranasal fluticasone
Nasal itching, irritation, sneezing, dryness
81
side effects of oral inhaled fluticasone
Xerostomia, tongue irritation, oral candidiasis (rinse mouth)
82
adverse reactions/ddi for fluticasone (inhaled)
Caution w/ ritonavir
CI: acute asthma attack
Death d/t adrenal insufficiency, avoid w/ cushing’s syndrome
83
what drugs are inhaled anti-inflammatory agents
cromolyn
84
what class is cromolyn nebulizer soln
Inhaled Anti-inflammatory agents
85
how does cromolyn nebulizer soln work?
Inhibits mast degranulation, prevents release of histamine
86
what is Cromolyn nebulizer soln used for
for Asthma or bronchospasm prophylaxis
87
what class is cromolyn intranasal
Inhaled Anti-inflammatory agents
88
adverse rxn/side effects to cromolyn nebulizer soln
May c/ bronchospasm—avoid beta-agonist bronchodilator, throat irritation, cough
89
how does cromolyn intranasal work?
Inhibits mast degranulation, prevents release of histamine
90
what is cromolyn intranasal used for
For Allergic Rhinitis
91
side effects of cromolyn intranasal
Nasal irritation and sneezing
92
which drugs are 1st gen antihistamines
diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine
93
which drugs are 2nd gen antihistamines
certirizine, fexofenadin, loratadine
94
what class is diphenhydramine?
antihistamine
95
how does diphenhydramine work?
H1 agonist- reduce histamine at H1 receptor site/
96
how is diphenhydramine taken/route?
1st gen- PO work peripheral H1, nonselective
97
what is diphenhydramine used for?
Respiratory allergies, pruritis, conjunctivities , hypersensitivity, night time sleep aid,
98
side effects of diphenhydramine?
Sedation, dizziness, tinnitus, dry mouth, urinary retention
99
adverse reactions/DDI of diphenhydramine
Potentiate CNS depressants, DDI: MAOs, SSRIs
100
what drug class is hydroxyzine
Antihistamines
101
how does hydroxyzine work?
H1 agonist- reduce histamine at H1 receptor site
102
how is hydroxyzine taken/route?
1st gen- PO work peripheral H1, nonselective
103
side effects of hydroxyzine
Sedation, dizziness, tinnitus, dry mouth, urinary retention
104
what is hydroxyzine used for
Allergic/vasomotor rhinitis, pruritis, nausea/vomiting
105
what drug class is cetirizine
antihistamine
106
what is another name for cetirizine
zyrtec
107
how does cetirizine, fexofendadine and loratadine work?
H1 agonist- reduce histamine at H1 receptor site
108
what is cetirizine, fexofendadin and loratadine's route?
2nd Gen-PO
more selective, less sedating
109
what is cetirizine, fexofenadine and loratadine clinically used for?
Seasonal allergies, itching
110
side effects of 2nd generation antihistamines
Less side effects than 1st gen- some drowsiness
111
what drug class is fexofenadine?
antihistamine
112
what drug class is loratadine
antihistamine
113
what is another name of loratadine?
claritin
114
what is another name for fexofenadin?
allegra
115
what are some specific medications and DDI for loratidine/claritin
CYP450 Inhibitor
TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH
116
which drugs are antitussives?
dextromethorphan, bezonatate, guaifenesin
117
what drug class is dextromethorphan
antitussive
118
what drug class is bezonatate?
antitussive
119
what drug class is guaifenesin
antitussive
120
how does dextromethorphan work?
Acts centrally in the cough center in the medulla to elevate threshold for coughing
121
what is dextromethorphan used for?
Nonproductive cough (no asthma)
122
side effects of dextromethorphan
Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, GI upset, heaache
123
DDI and adverse reactions with dextromethorphan
Caution w/ hepatic impairment DDI: CNS depressants, no MAOIs
124
how does benzonatate work?
anesthetize the stretch receptors in the respiratory passages, thereby decreasing their activity and calming the cough peripherally at its source
125
what is benzonatate used for
Nonproductive, dry cough
(no asthma)
126
side effects of benzonatate
Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, GI upset, heaache
127
DDI/adverse reactions to benzonatate
Caution w/ hepatic impairment DDI: CNS depressants, no MAOIs
128
how does Guaifenesin work
Increase output of resp tract, decrease adhesiveness and surface tension
129
what is Guaifenesin used for
Cough (not persistant cough)
130
what are the side effects of Guaifenesin
GI upset, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness
