Week 4: Terms and concepts to know

Question 1

Abstract thinking

Answer 1

the ability to find meaning in proverbs; the ability to conceptualize.

Question 2

Affect

Answer 2

emotional range attached to ideas; outwardly demonstrated; feeling, mood, or emotional tone.
Such as appropriate, blunted, flat, inappropriate, labile.

Question 3

Akathisia

Answer 3

motor restlessness, generally expressed as the inability to sit still, caused by the dopamine blockade by certain types of neuroleptic medications; an extrapyramidal side effect (EPSE).

Question 4

Ambivalence

Answer 4

opposing impulses or feelings directed toward the same person or object at the same time

Question 5

Anergia

Answer 5

absence of energy caused by changes in brain chemistry, anatomy, or both.

Question 6

Anticholinergic effect

Answer 6

Effect caused by drugs that block acetylcholine receptors. Common anticholinergic effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary hesitance.

Question 7

Apathy

Answer 7

lack of feeling, interest, or emotion; indifference that is occasionally a mechanism for avoiding intense emotions.

Question 8

Autism

Answer 8

1. preoccupation with self without concern for external reality; a self-made private world of the individual with schizophrenia.
2. a disorder markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interactions and communication occurring in early childhood.

Question 9

Avolition

Answer 9

lack of motivation

Question 10

Bizarre

Answer 10

markedly unusual in appearance, thought, style, character, or behavior; absurd.

Question 11

Blocking

Answer 11

unconscious interruption in train of thought

Question 12

Bradykinesia

Answer 12

slow or retarded movement

Question 13

Catatonia

Answer 13

immobility as a result of psychological reasons.

Question 14

Circumstantiality

Answer 14

digression of inappropriate thoughts into ideas, eventually reaching the desired goal

Question 15

Clang associations

Answer 15

words similar in sound, but not in meaning, that conjure up new thoughts

Question 16

Cognition

Answer 16

act or process of knowing and perceiving

Question 17

Concrete communication

Answer 17

inability to think and communicate abstractly

Question 18

Congruence

Answer 18

accordant states. examples includes mood congruence, in which the person’s visible emotional state correlates with his or her mood or feeling state.

Question 19

Delusion

Answer 19

fixed, false belief, not consistent with the person;s intelligence and cultural; unamenable to reason.
Includes bizarre, nihilistic, paranoid, persecution, reference, or somatic.

Question 20

Depersonalization

Answer 20

feeling of unreality or strangeness related to one’s self, body parts, bodily functions, or external environment.

Question 21

Derealization

Answer 21

distortion of spatial relationships so that the environment becomes unfamiliar.

Question 22

Distractibillity

Answer 22

inability to concentrate attention

Question 23

Dyskinesia

Answer 23

disturbed coordination and motor activity, usually producing a jerky motion; an EPSE of neuroleptic medications related to their effect on dopamine receptors

Question 24

Echopraxia

Answer 24

imitation of the body position of another

Question 25

Echolalia

Answer 25

psychopathologic repeating of words of one person by another, noted in types of schizophrenia

Question 26

Extrapyramidal side effects

Answer 26

involuntary muscle movements resulting from the effects of neuroleptic drugs on the extrapyramidal system. These drugs cause a dopamine blockade that creates a dopamine-acetylcholine imbalance. EPSEs include akathisia, akinesia, dystonia, drug induced parkinsonism, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).

Question 27

Etiology

Answer 27

study of the causes of disease. including both direct and predisposing effects

Question 28

Gravely disabled

Answer 28

person who is unable to provide food, clothing, or shelter for himself or herself because of a mental illness

Question 29

Flight of ideas

Answer 29

speech pattern demonstrated by a rapid transition from topic to topic, frequently without completing any of the preceding ideas; prominent in the manic states.

Question 30

Idiopathic

Answer 30

without known cause

Question 31

Ideas of reference

Answer 31

belief that some events have a special meaning (people laughing are perceived as laughing at the patient)

Question 32

Incidence

Answer 32

the rate at which a certain condition occurs, as the number of new cases of a specific mental disorder occurring during a certain period.

Question 33

Illusion

Answer 33

misinterpretation os a sensory input; observed in alcoholic withdrawal and delirious states

Question 34

Ipsilateral

Answer 34

same side of the body

Question 35

Involuntary commitment

Answer 35

commitment status in which a person who has the legal capacity to consent to mental health treatment refuses to do so and is involuntarily detained for treatment by the state.

Question 36

Limit setting

Answer 36

holding individuals to established norms with the intent of assisting them to function more constructively

Question 37

Least restrictive alternative

Answer 37

environment that provides the necessary treatment requirements in the least restrictive setting possible. EX: hospital setting is more restrictive than a board and care setting.

Question 38

Milieu

Answer 38

environment or setting

Question 39

Loose association

Answer 39

patterns of speech in which a person's ideas slip off track onto another that is completely unrelated or only slightly related

Question 40

Mood

Answer 40

individual's internal state of mind that is exhibited through feelings and emotions

Question 41

Milieu management

Answer 41

purposeful manipulation of the environment to promote a therapeutic atmosphere.

Question 42

Negativism

Answer 42

motiveless resistance to all instruction

Question 43

Mutsim

Answer 43

refusal to speak

Question 44

Oculogyric crisis

Answer 44

involuntary toni muscle spasms of the eye. The eyes usually roll upwards in a fixed stare. This very frightening dystonic reaction is caused by antipsychotic drugs

Question 45

Nihilistic ideas

Answer 45

thoughts of nonexistence and hopelessness

Question 46

Perseveration

Answer 46

psychopathologic repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions

Question 47

Paranoia

Answer 47

extreme suspiciousness of others and their actions

Question 48

Prevalence

Answer 48

estimate of the frequency of a disease condition in the population (ADHD affects 5-11% of school age children)

Question 49

Premorbid

Answer 49

state before onset of disorder

Question 50

Psychopathology

Answer 50

study of underlying processes, both biological and psychosocial, that lead to mental disorders

Question 51

Psychomotor retardation

Answer 51

markedly slowed speech and body movements

Question 52

Psychotherapeutic management

Answer 52

model for nursing care that balances the three primary intervention models used by psychiatric nurses: therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, psychopharmacology, and milieu management.

Question 53

Psychosis

Answer 53

inability to recognize reality, complicated by severe thought disorders and the inability to relate to others.

Question 54

Stereotypy

Answer 54

continuous repetition of speech or physical activities.

Question 55

Psychotropic medications

Answer 55

medications used in the treatment of mental illness

Question 56

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 56

extrapyramidal syndrome that usually emerges late in the course of long term anitpsychotic drug therapy; includes grimacing, buccolingual movements, and dystonia (impaired muscle tons); might be irreversible

Question 57

Suicidal ideation

Answer 57

individual's thinking about and inclination toward self-injury or self-destruction

Question 58

Dystonia

Answer 58

rigidity in muscles that control posture, gait, or ocular movements; an EPSE of neuroleptic medications that block dopamine

Question 59

Thought disorder

Answer 59

thinking characterized by loose assoications, neologisms, and illogical constructs and conclusions.