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Psychiatric Nursing > Week 4: Terms and concepts to know > Flashcards

Week 4: Terms and concepts to know Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract thinking

A

the ability to find meaning in proverbs; the ability to conceptualize.

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2
Q

Affect

A

emotional range attached to ideas; outwardly demonstrated; feeling, mood, or emotional tone.
Such as appropriate, blunted, flat, inappropriate, labile.

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3
Q

Akathisia

A

motor restlessness, generally expressed as the inability to sit still, caused by the dopamine blockade by certain types of neuroleptic medications; an extrapyramidal side effect (EPSE).

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4
Q

Ambivalence

A

opposing impulses or feelings directed toward the same person or object at the same time

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5
Q

Anergia

A

absence of energy caused by changes in brain chemistry, anatomy, or both.

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6
Q

Anticholinergic effect

A

Effect caused by drugs that block acetylcholine receptors. Common anticholinergic effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary hesitance.

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7
Q

Apathy

A

lack of feeling, interest, or emotion; indifference that is occasionally a mechanism for avoiding intense emotions.

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8
Q

Autism

A
  1. preoccupation with self without concern for external reality; a self-made private world of the individual with schizophrenia.
  2. a disorder markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interactions and communication occurring in early childhood.
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9
Q

Avolition

A

lack of motivation

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10
Q

Bizarre

A

markedly unusual in appearance, thought, style, character, or behavior; absurd.

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11
Q

Blocking

A

unconscious interruption in train of thought

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12
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slow or retarded movement

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13
Q

Catatonia

A

immobility as a result of psychological reasons.

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14
Q

Circumstantiality

A

digression of inappropriate thoughts into ideas, eventually reaching the desired goal

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15
Q

Clang associations

A

words similar in sound, but not in meaning, that conjure up new thoughts

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16
Q

Cognition

A

act or process of knowing and perceiving

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17
Q

Concrete communication

A

inability to think and communicate abstractly

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18
Q

Congruence

A

accordant states. examples includes mood congruence, in which the person’s visible emotional state correlates with his or her mood or feeling state.

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19
Q

Delusion

A

fixed, false belief, not consistent with the person;s intelligence and cultural; unamenable to reason.
Includes bizarre, nihilistic, paranoid, persecution, reference, or somatic.

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20
Q

Depersonalization

A

feeling of unreality or strangeness related to one’s self, body parts, bodily functions, or external environment.

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21
Q

Derealization

A

distortion of spatial relationships so that the environment becomes unfamiliar.

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22
Q

Distractibillity

A

inability to concentrate attention

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23
Q

Dyskinesia

A

disturbed coordination and motor activity, usually producing a jerky motion; an EPSE of neuroleptic medications related to their effect on dopamine receptors

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24
Q

Echopraxia

A

imitation of the body position of another

25
Q

Echolalia

A

psychopathologic repeating of words of one person by another, noted in types of schizophrenia

26
Q

Extrapyramidal side effects

A

involuntary muscle movements resulting from the effects of neuroleptic drugs on the extrapyramidal system. These drugs cause a dopamine blockade that creates a dopamine-acetylcholine imbalance. EPSEs include akathisia, akinesia, dystonia, drug induced parkinsonism, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).

27
Q

Etiology

A

study of the causes of disease. including both direct and predisposing effects

28
Q

Gravely disabled

A

person who is unable to provide food, clothing, or shelter for himself or herself because of a mental illness

29
Q

Flight of ideas

A

speech pattern demonstrated by a rapid transition from topic to topic, frequently without completing any of the preceding ideas; prominent in the manic states.

30
Q

Idiopathic

A

without known cause

31
Q

Ideas of reference

A

belief that some events have a special meaning (people laughing are perceived as laughing at the patient)

32
Q

Incidence

A

the rate at which a certain condition occurs, as the number of new cases of a specific mental disorder occurring during a certain period.

33
Q

Illusion

A

misinterpretation os a sensory input; observed in alcoholic withdrawal and delirious states

34
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side of the body

35
Q

Involuntary commitment

A

commitment status in which a person who has the legal capacity to consent to mental health treatment refuses to do so and is involuntarily detained for treatment by the state.

36
Q

Limit setting

A

holding individuals to established norms with the intent of assisting them to function more constructively

37
Q

Least restrictive alternative

A

environment that provides the necessary treatment requirements in the least restrictive setting possible. EX: hospital setting is more restrictive than a board and care setting.

38
Q

Milieu

A

environment or setting

39
Q

Loose association

A

patterns of speech in which a person’s ideas slip off track onto another that is completely unrelated or only slightly related

40
Q

Mood

A

individual’s internal state of mind that is exhibited through feelings and emotions

41
Q

Milieu management

A

purposeful manipulation of the environment to promote a therapeutic atmosphere.

42
Q

Negativism

A

motiveless resistance to all instruction

43
Q

Mutsim

A

refusal to speak

44
Q

Oculogyric crisis

A

involuntary toni muscle spasms of the eye. The eyes usually roll upwards in a fixed stare. This very frightening dystonic reaction is caused by antipsychotic drugs

45
Q

Nihilistic ideas

A

thoughts of nonexistence and hopelessness

46
Q

Perseveration

A

psychopathologic repetition of the same word or idea in response to different questions

47
Q

Paranoia

A

extreme suspiciousness of others and their actions

48
Q

Prevalence

A

estimate of the frequency of a disease condition in the population (ADHD affects 5-11% of school age children)

49
Q

Premorbid

A

state before onset of disorder

50
Q

Psychopathology

A

study of underlying processes, both biological and psychosocial, that lead to mental disorders

51
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A

markedly slowed speech and body movements

52
Q

Psychotherapeutic management

A

model for nursing care that balances the three primary intervention models used by psychiatric nurses: therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, psychopharmacology, and milieu management.

53
Q

Psychosis

A

inability to recognize reality, complicated by severe thought disorders and the inability to relate to others.

54
Q

Stereotypy

A

continuous repetition of speech or physical activities.

55
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

medications used in the treatment of mental illness

56
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

extrapyramidal syndrome that usually emerges late in the course of long term anitpsychotic drug therapy; includes grimacing, buccolingual movements, and dystonia (impaired muscle tons); might be irreversible

57
Q

Suicidal ideation

A

individual’s thinking about and inclination toward self-injury or self-destruction

58
Q

Dystonia

A

rigidity in muscles that control posture, gait, or ocular movements; an EPSE of neuroleptic medications that block dopamine

59
Q

Thought disorder

A

thinking characterized by loose assoications, neologisms, and illogical constructs and conclusions.

Psychiatric Nursing (6 decks)

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