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Week 4 - The Target´s Perspective Flashcards

(8 cards)

1
Q

Stigma - Major & Eliezer (2010)

A
  • Stigma → devalued social identity
  • stigmatized do no always have lower self-esteem (coping?)
  • Attributing negative outcomes in life to
    prejudice (an external factor) instead of to “the self” might protect self-esteem among the stigmatized
  • attributions to prejudice have both external and internal (social identity) components
    –> attribution to prejudice is still less internal than an attribution to the self
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2
Q

Attributions (ambiguity) - Major & Eliezer (2010)

A
  • Attributions are often ambiguous for the stigmatized:
    –-> Self? (ability, skill)
    –-> Prejudice?
  • “the self” cannot be entirely discounted as a causal factor
  • when prejudice is the clear (and only) cause of an event, an attribution to prejudice will be made, and be functional
  • Factors that influence attributional ambiguity:
    – Situational factors
    – Group type
    – Identification
    – System legitimizing beliefs
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3
Q

Implicit vs. Explicit Self-Esteem

A

The “attribution to prejudice” coping response may be
more directly visible on explicit measures of self-esteem

–> dominant group = attributions to prejudice, self-protective

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4
Q

Stereotype Threat - Spencer et al. (2016)

A

…the situation in which there is a negative stereotype about a person’s group, and they are concerned about being judged or treated negatively on the basis of this stereotype

e.g., Black-Americans and intelligence; Women and parallel-parking; White men and athletics (golf-putting)

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5
Q

Stereotype Threat & it´s Effects - Spencer et al. (2016)

A
  • Stereotype threat does still occur even if the target does not believe in it
    –> Requires identification with domain (e.g., academic
    performance) and group (e.g., Blacks)
    –> especially in demanding situations
  • The resulting stress makes people on guard and undermines…
    – performance
    – belongingness
    – well-being
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6
Q

Mechanisms & Consequences of Stereotype Threat - Spencer et al. (2016)

A

Mechanisms:
– Extra pressure to succeed (effort, working-memory, conscious attention)
– Threats to self-integrity and belonging (e.g., self-handicapping)
– Stereotype priming (cannot fully explain phenomenon)

Consequences:
– Performance
– Well-being
– Belongingness
– Self-handicapping
– Domain de-identification

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7
Q

Interventions - Spencer et al. (2016)

A

– Re-construal (anxiety, or identity)
– Coping (self-affirmation, mindfulness)
– Identity-safe environments (representation, role-models)

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8
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy - Word, Zanna, & Cooper

A

An originally inaccurate expectation about the situation elicits behavior which confirms and reinforces this expectation

–> Inter-ethnic situation (job interview)

–> Interpersonal proximity (immediacy)
– e.g., distance, body posture, eye contact

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