Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Sem 2 Infectious Diseases > Week 4 - Viral anthropathies > Flashcards

Week 4 - Viral anthropathies Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

WHat does arthralgia mean?

A

Joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Joint inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does oligoarthritis mean?

A

A few joints are affected - = or

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WHat would ‘rheumatoid like’ refer to?

A

Distal, symmetrical polyarthropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is reactive arthritis?

A

May see conjunctivitis, uveitis and arthritis

– Follows infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WHat are some major causes of inflammatory polyarthritis?

A
  • Infectious arthritis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Seronegative spondyloarthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthitis
  • Inflammatory osteoarthritis
  • Crystal-induced arthritis
  • Systemic rheumatoid arthritis
  • Other systemic illnesses (i.e. sarcoidosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which families of viruses cause arthritis?

A

Arboviruses
Parvoviruses
Rubella
Others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of viruses are arboviruses?

A

RNA viruses surrounded by a lipid envelope, transmitted by arthropod vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does viscerotropic mean?

A

Causes fever/rash/arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of arboviruses are viscerotropic?

A
  • Togaviridae - Chikungunya, RRV
  • Flaviviridae - Dengue
  • Bunyaviridae - Sandfly fever
  • Reoviridae - colorado tick fever
  • Zika virus (flavivirus)
  • Barmah forest (alpha)
  • Sindbis (alpha)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can you reliably exclude dengue fever from travellers?

A

If it’s been more than 14 day since exposure - incubation period is 3-14 days mean 4-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many serotypes of dengue are there?

A

4, with minimal cross over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does it cause and from which region are you most likely to get it?

A

Systemic, febrile illness,

Travellers from SE asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does it cause and from which region are you most likely to get it?

A

Systemic, febrile illness,

Travellers from SE asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe classical dengue fever

A

Break-bone fever: fever, headache, retro-orbital pain and marked muscle and joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In what % of dengue fevers do you have a rash? Describe the rash

A

slightly more than 50%

Macular/maculopapular +/- pruritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are long term symptoms of dengue fever infection?

A

Marked fatigue following infection - days to weeks

More in adults than children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In what % of classical dengue do haemorrhagic manifestations occur?

A

70% - can be lifethreatening - GI occur in 4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What characterises severe dengue?

A

Severe plasma leakage
Severe haemorrhage
Severe organ impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the warning signs that separate non-severe dengue with warning signs and non-severe dengue without warning signs?

A
  • Abdominal pain/tenderness
  • Persistent vomiting
  • Mucosal bleeding
  • Lethargy/restlessness
  • Liver enlargement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who gets severe dengue?

A
  • Secondary infection with another subtype

- Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you diagnose dengue?

A

Confirm with seroconversion, four-fold rise in specific IgG tire or detection of virus using NAT or viral culture - NAT only good in first few days
-Special dengue test called NS1 antigen - accurate and specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What will bloods show with dengue

Study These Flashcards
A

Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, raised AST

24
Q

What are serology methods of detection?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • EIAs - enzyme immunoassay
  • IFA - immunofluorescence assay
  • HAI - haemagglutination inhibition
    IHA - indirect haemagglutination
25
What are the main differences between dengue and Chikungunya?
- More joint pain and joint swelling with chik (65% vs 4%) - More abdominal pain and leukopenia with dengue - Bleeding manifestations and severe thrombocytopenia are relatively specific for dengue
26
Zika virus details?
ssRNA Enveloped Mosquito as vector - aedes aegypti Flaviviridae family - same as dengue, yellow fever and japanese encephalitis
27
What is happening with Zika in Aus?
Total cases are rising. Most common in Qld and Vic
28
How an Zika be transmitted to humans?
- Bite of infected mosquito - Maternal-foetal transmission - Sex - Blood transfusion - Organ transplant - Lab exposure
29
What are clinical features of Zika virus?
75% are asympomatic In adults and children: - Mild fever - Full body maculopapular pruritic rash - Arthralgia in small joints of hands and feet - Conjunctivitis - Less common - headaches/GI symptoms - Pregnancy doesn't mean more severe disease - Infection = immunity
30
What are the two main complications of Zika?
Guillain-Barre syndrome | Congenital infection
31
What happens in Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Ascending, progressive muscle weakness - Usually triggered by prior resp or GIT infection - Acute motor axonal neuropathy - Direct nerve toxicity from virus
32
What are consequences of congenital zika?
- Microcephaly and other CNS abnormalities - OCular abnormalities - Foetal loss
33
How do you diagnose ZIka?
Confirm with seroconversion/4-fold increase in IgG between acute and convalescent, NAT/viral culture IgM is suggestive PCR can also be positive in urine for the 1st 2weeks, blood for the first week
34
What are the two australian arboviruses?
RRV - most common vector borne disease in Australia, outbreaks after rain and macropods are principle animal hosts Barmah Forest virus - Endemic in northern Australia, multiple mosquito vectors, peak transmission in summer/autumn
35
What are clinical features of RRV?
- Incubation 3-9 days, up to 21 - Acute fever, rash and arthritis - Chronic arthritis - Arthralgia/arthritis is ue to immune, often in extremities and symmetrical (like gout) - ESR mildly up - Diagnose with serology - Treatment is supportive
36
What are the clinical differences between RRV and Barmah Forest?
Barmah causes a more mild disease than RRv _ more common rash in Barmah - More severe joints in RRV
37
How do you diagnose RRV/Barmah?
Serology NAT/viral culture IgM is only suggestive
38
Why would you not want to use IgM to diagnose viruses?
- False positive IgM - Cross reactive IgM i.e. within families is quite extensive - Persistent IgM - can last months - Lack of IgM in secondary infections - Late IgM in seriously ill patients
39
What are the differences in rubella manifestations between adult and children?
Adults are more symptomatic, have a longer arthralgia and arthritis in women - similar to RA Children get childhood exanthema - face to extremities, sparing palms and soles, with severe and severe lymphadenopathy
40
What is Rubella incubation?
14-21 days
41
How is Rueblla transmitted?
Resp. droplets/vertical
42
How do you diagnose rubella?
IgG sero/4-fold rise, NAT on tissues, resp samples, saliva and urine
43
Where does rubella like to grow?
Synovial tissues
44
When do you want to do serology testing for Ruvella?
Usually on the day of rash, apart from IgG in ELISA in which case it's 3 days after rash
45
When is serology most accurate for rubella?
BEFORE rash shows up
46
What does parvovirus B19 do?
Infects erythroid precursor cells --> death and inhibits erythropoises
47
How is parvo transmitted and what's it's incubation?
Transmitted by resp. droplets, | Incubation 12-18 days
48
When is parvo infectious?
Before onset of rash/joint symptons. Not contagious once rash shows up
49
WHat are symptoms of parvo?
- Slapped cheeks 25% asymptomatic 50% non-specific flu symptoms 25% - slapped cheeks in children while adult women get arthralgia that's acute and symmetrical, usually in small joints. Also get a rash
50
Are children or adults more likely to have joint symptoms with rubella?
Adults - 60% vs 8%
51
What are complications of rubella?
Foetal infection --> foetal hydrops Blood disorders --> transient aplastic crisis In immunocompromised - chronic anaemia
52
How do you diagnose rubella?
IgG seroconversion/4-fold, PCR of blood is good bc there's lots of virus even when IgM is around
53
What are some other viruses with joint symtoms
- Hep A has arthralgia and rash in 10-15% - Hep B - hands, knees and large joints - Hep C - RA like, can be oligoarthritis - HIV - reactive arthritis - EBV Adenovirus -HSV -Ebola
54
What do you need to be aware of with serology testing?
False positives/negatives | Problems with IgM - can takes weeks to develop, may persist for months and may be reinfection rather than primary
55
What are methods of direct virus detection and when are they useful?
Culture and PCR - need to do them within 5 days

Sem 2 Infectious Diseases (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions