Week 5 Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
Queen Victoria succeeds after the death of her uncle ____________
A
William IV
2
Q
Who does Queen Victoria marry?
A
Her cousin, Albert Prince Saxe-Coburg Gotha
3
Q
Why was Albert referred to as a consort?
A
- Because he was not a dual monarch, but rather, a husband to the monarch
4
Q
When and how did Albert die?
A
- 1861
- Dies of Typhoid
5
Q
What was the name of Victoria’s great ceremony celebrating her 60th year on the throne?
A
1897 Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee
6
Q
Who said, “in her the public saw the British Empire itself” of Queen Victoria?
A
Mark Twain
7
Q
True or False: Victorian monarchy was less interventionist in politics
A
TRUE
8
Q
True or False: Victoria herself saw politics as a male sphere
A
TRUE
9
Q
True or False: Most Victorian PMs held aristocratic titles
A
TRUE
10
Q
What were the 2 stages of Imperialism?
A
- Resource Based (1492-1870)
- New Imperialism (1870-1914)
11
Q
What are Extraterritorial rights?
A
- British citizens are not subject to foreign laws, and thus have what would now be considered as diplomatic immunity
12
Q
What is a Protectorate status?
A
- Where a sympathetic local ruler is put in charge on behalf of the British (Egypt)
13
Q
Who were the “Little Englanders”?
A
- Those who opposed British imperialism
- They would question why they should invest money in white dominions like Canada, since they would simply declare independence soon enough
14
Q
Who was a famous “Little Englander”?
A
Sir Richard Gladstone
15
Q
Who was a famous Imperialist?
A
Benjamin Disraeli
16
Q
What was Social Darwinism, and who promoted it?
A
- Social Darwinism → Herbert Spencer : Applied ideas from biology and evolution and applied them to peoples, states and nations
17
Q
What is the “Whiteman’s Burden”, and who promoted the idea?
A
- The “Whiteman’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling’s poem → notes that the British have the burden of sustaining the rule of what he perceived as inferior races
18
Q
What was “The Boy’s own paper, 1879-1967”?
A
- The British youth comic book and paper that told tales of daring adventures to promote the desire for adventure in exotic colonial lands as an administrator or soldier
19
Q
What were the 7 motives for Imperialism?
A
- Capitalism
- Markets and Materials
- Nationalism
- Strategy: Balance of Power
- “Civilizing”
- Religion
- Emigration
20
Q
What was the name of the famous missionary and explorer in Africa most famous for getting lost, and recovered safely by British-American explorer, Henry Morton Stanley?
A
David Livingston
- Upon finding him, Morton Stanley uttered the famous line, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”
21
Q
Define Jingoism:
A
Extreme patriotism or nationalism, often spurring an aggressive foreign policy
22
Q
Which technologies made for British military superiority in the New Imperial period?
A
- Railways
- Steamships
- Hot air balloons
- Canon and Gatling guns
23
Q
When was the battle of Isandlwana?
A
1879
24
Q
Why did the British have interests in Egypt?
A
- To link the Mediterranean and Red seas to make the trip to India quicker
25
When was the Suez Canal finished? Who built it?
- 1869
- The French
26
What permits the Egyptian government to become independent?
European loans
27
What gave the British the excuse to invade Egypt?
- Egypt wouldn't pay back its European creditors, and spent a lot on its army
- So, Egypt cuts its army, and there is a military revolt
28
What does Britain do after successfully invading Egypt?
- They establish a protectorate
- Create a naval base in Alexandria
- British army garrison is built in Cairo
- Egyptian cotton is used in the British textile industry
29
What was the Great Trek of 1835-37?
- When the Boers left South Africa after the British abolished slavery in 1833
30
What issues did the British have with the Boers?
- Boers controlled diamond and goldmines
- British subjects living in Boer territory were mistreated
- Boers are becoming more friendly with the Germans, even buying weapons from them
31
Who pioneered the idea of building a trans-African railway to connect the British Empire?
Cecil Rhodes
32
What strategy do the British adopt in the Boer War?
- They used scorched earth
- They imprison the Boer populace and place them in concentration camps
-
33
How many Boers are put into British camps?
100 000
34
How many Boers died in British concentration camps?
28 000
35
When was the Boer War?
1899-1902
36
When did Queen Victoria die?
1901
37
What is "Invasion Literature"?
- As early as German Unification in 1871, literature fearing a German invasion spikes in popularity
- Ex. The Book The Battle of Dorking (1871) by Sir. George Chesney begins the genre
38
What was the National Defense Act (1899)?
- An act stating that the British had to have more ships than the next closest two nations combined
39
Who created the HMS Dreadnought?
Admiral Sir John Fisher
40
True or False: In the 19th century, Britain followed a policy of isolation
TRUE
41
What was th 1902 Security Pact ?
- An Alliance between Japan and Britain
42
What was the 1904 Entente Cordiale?
- About smoothing Franco-English relations, particularly on colonial irritants
43
As early as _______, Britain and France host secret talks about strategy in a war against Germany.
1911
44
Define: Schlieffen Plan
- Germany's plan to defeat France quick through a northern flanking attack through Belgium, then deal with the slow reacting Russians
45
What ultimatum do the British give the Germans at the onset of WWI?
- Britain issues an ultimatum to Germany not to violate Belgian neutrality
46
What is Kitchener’s “New Army” ?
- An all volunteer portion of the British Army, spurred largely by propaganda and enlistment initiatives
47
In what years do the British impose conscription during the First World War?
- 1916-18
48
True or False: In the first world war, most officers were middle to upper class
TRUE
49
What is the DORA (Defense of the Realm Act) (1914)?
- It gave sweeping powers to government
- Gov. now has the power to rule by decree
- Censored press
- Government control of private industries
- Limits the right to assemble and protest
- Curbs alcohol
50
Who famously opposed Britain's participation in the First World War?
Bertrand Russell
51
True or False: Bertrand Russell also experienced a second prosecution in 1918, and received 6 months in prison for writing against the war, since it was deemed as undermining the war effort
TRUE
52
How many enemy aliens were interned in the First World War?
40 000
53
Why does the Royal Family change its name from the house of Saxe-Coburg Gotha to the House of Windsor?
- Because of Anti-German sentiment from the First World War
54
What is a by-election?
When an MP dies or is unable to sit in office, so there will be a replacement election
55
What was the Shell Scandal?
- Charge or accusation blaming the government for a shortage of armaments and shells
- So, the government becomes unpopular
- There was also a large portion of shells the British produced that were duds
56
What is a coalition government?
When representatives from both parties co-office the government
57
Why did the Liberals call for a coalition government in 1915?
- For fear of losing complete control due to unpopularity from the Shell Crisis
58
What was the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee?
- They send out commissioners to go house to house to inquire about possible recruits at heir homes
- They also encouraged women to shame their men into enlisting
59
To shame men who didn't serve, women and recruitment officers would often hand out _________
White feathers
60
What was the downside to Pals Battalions?
- Whole villages could be wiped out of young men if a single battalion took heavy or full casualties
61
Define: Conchies
-Conscientious Objectors
62
How many men ended up successfully getting Conscientious exemptions in WWI?
10-20 000
63
True or False: During the First World War, the poor often didn’t get access to enough meat, fat, and calories, whereas the richer people did
TRUE
- A hotel got to serve 6-course meals to rich people, but the poor bore the brunt of war effort shortages and restrictions
- Store grocers would sell food meant to go to the war effort on the black market to rich people
64
What did the Munitions War Act, 1915 do?
- Curbs workers rights and prohibits striking
- Renders it illegal to change jobs without permission
65
Despite the Munitions War Act of 1915, who successfully manages to strike and get a raise?
Welsh Miners
