Week 5 and 6 - Organs and Vessels

Question 1

What are the major organ systems?

Answer 1

• Respiratory system
• Digestive system
• Urinary system

Question 2

What makes up the respiratory system?

Answer 2

• Trachea
• Lungs
• Diaphragm

Question 3

Trachea

Answer 3

Anterior rings of cartilage

Question 4

Lungs

Answer 4

7 lobes in cats and 5 lobes in humans
- Less on the left side because the heart takes up space

Question 5

Diaphragm

Answer 5

Composed of skeletal muscle
- Once removed from the ribs, it lies primarily on top of the liver and stomach

Question 6

What makes up the digestive system?

Answer 6

• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, mesentery)
• Large intestine/colon (cecum, ascending, transverse, descending)
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Spleen
• Pancreas
• Greater omentum

Question 7

Esophagus

Answer 7

Flattened muscular tube located dorsal to the trachea

Question 8

Stomach

Answer 8

Food travels from the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach
- Found on left side of the abdominal cavity

Question 9

Small intestine

Answer 9

• Duodenum: First part right off the stomach (C-shaped)
• Jejunum: Middle part
• Ileum: Last part found right before the beginning of the large intestine
• Mesentery: Double-fold of peritoneum (provides a route for blood vessels)

Question 10

Large intestine/Colon

Answer 10

• Cecum: Blind-ended pouch at the junction between the ileum and ascending colon (where the appendix is found in humans - not in cats though)
• Ascending, transverse, and descending - found in cats and humans

Question 11

Liver

Answer 11

5 lobes in cats, 4 lobes in humans
- Right side of the abdominal cavity
- 2nd largest organ

Question 12

Gallbladder

Answer 12

Found within the liver and stained green in most specimens

Question 13

Spleen

Answer 13

Located farther to the left than the stomach
- Lymphoid organ not a digestive organ
- Filters blood and recycles blood cells, hence its dark red colour

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

• Found within the “C” of the duodenum
• Resembles a tadpole with the head lying with the duodenum

Question 15

Greater omentum

Answer 15

• Also known as the fatty apron
• Stores abdominal fat and used as protection
• Hangs off stomach and surrounds most abdominal organs
• Aids in trying to prevent the spread on infection within the peritoneal cavity

Question 16

What makes up the urinary system?

Answer 16

• Kidney
• Ureter
• Urinary bladder

Question 17

Kidney

Answer 17

• Located retroperitoneal (retro = behind, peritoneal = peritoneum)
• Affixed to the posterior abdominal wall with connective tissue and fat

Question 18

Ureter

Answer 18

Thin tube draining urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 19

Urinary bladder

Answer 19

Collapsible sac where urine is stored prior to being excreted

Question 20

Generally, what does the size of the blood vessel indicate?

Answer 20

How much blood it supplies

Question 21

What do arteries do?

Answer 21

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 22

What are the 19 arteries?

Answer 22

• Ascending aorta
• Aortic arch
• Descending thoracic aorta
• Left subclavian artery
• Brachiocephalic trunk/artery (left and right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery)
• Descending abdominal aorta
• Celiac trunk (hepatic, gastric, and splenic artery)
• Superior mesenteric artery
• Renal artery
• Inferior mesenteric artery
• Left and right external iliac artery
• Left and right internal iliac artery
• Femoral artery

Question 23

Ascending aorta

Answer 23

First part of the aorta coming up and out of the heart
- Exits the left ventricle

Question 24

Aortic arch

Answer 24

2 branches in cats and 3 branches in humans

Question 25

Descending thoracic aorta

Answer 25

Aorta descends heading towards the diaphragm

Question 26

Left subclavian artery

Answer 26

Branches off the arch directly and travel below the clavicle to supply the left upper limb

Question 27

Brachiocephalic trunk/artery

Answer 27

- 3 branches in cats - Left and right common carotid artery - ascend to supply the head and neck - Right subclavian artery - supplies right upper limb

Question 28

Descending abdominal aorta

Answer 28

Once the descending thoracic aorta pierces through the diaphragm

Question 29

Celiac trunk

Answer 29

First major branch off the abdominal aorta and supplies 3 other branches - Hepatic artery (supplies liver) - Gastric artery (supplies stomach) - Splenic artery (supplies spleen)

Question 30

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 30

Supplies all the small intestine, the ascending colon, and the first half of the transverse colon

Question 31

Renal artery

Answer 31

Supplies kidneys

Question 32

Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 32

Supplies the second half of the transverse colon and the descending colon

Question 33

Left and right external and internal iliac artery

Answer 33

Vessels represented by inner and outer "forks" in cats - Different arrangement than humans

Question 34

Femoral artery

Answer 34

In the thigh region once the external iliac artery has exited the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 35

What do veins do?

Answer 35

Carry blood back towards the heart

Question 36

What veins are there?

Answer 36

Thoracic - Right and left external jugular vein - Right and left subclavian vein - Right and left brachiocephalic vein - Superior vena cava Other - Femoral vein - External iliac vein - Common iliac vein - Inferior vena cava - Renal vein

Question 37

Right and left external jugular vein

Answer 37

Drains head and neck structures

Question 38

Right and left subclavian vein

Answer 38

Drains right and left upper limbs

Question 39

Right and left brachiocephalic vein

Answer 39

Receives blood from both external jugular and subclavian veins and delivers it to the superior vena cava

Question 40

Superior vena cava

Answer 40

Drains all body region superior to the diaphragm - Also known as "precava" in cats

Question 41

Femoral vein

Answer 41

Found in thigh region

Question 42

External iliac vein

Answer 42

Once the femoral vein has entered into the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 43

Common iliac vein

Answer 43

Once the internal iliac vein joins the external iliac vein

Question 44

Inferior vena cava

Answer 44

Both common iliac veins join to drain into the inferior vena cava - Widest vein in the body - Drains all body regions inferior to the diaphragm - Also known as "postcava" in cats

Question 45

Renal vein

Answer 45

Drains the kidneys