Week 5 - Bones of the skull

Question 1

What are the functions of the skull?

Answer 1

• Articulates with the superior facets of the C1 vertebrae
• Protects the brain
• Supports fleshy facial structures
• Anchor apparatus for mastication

Question 2

Name the 6 major sutures.

Answer 2

1. coronal
2. saggital
3. lambdoid
4. Squamosal
5. sphenofrontal suture—between the sphenoid and frontal bones.
6. Metopic suture - Some people retain juvenile sutures (e.g., metopic suture—between unfused left and right frontal bones).

Question 3

When the cranial bones are developing, what cartilaginous precursor called ?

These hold the skull together while the everything is not yet bone and is not yet fused together.

Answer 3

Fontanelles.

Question 4

What is the name of the 3 parts that fuse togther to then become the temporal bone?

Answer 4

SPT:

the squamous portion, petrous portion and the tympanic ring.

Question 5

Which bones make the auditory ossicles/middle ear?

Answer 5

malleus, incus + stapes

Located within middle ear (temporal bone)

Question 6

Which bone in the skull has no bony articulations, only muscular attachments?

Where is this bone located?

Answer 6

The hyoid

• is in the throat, inferior to the mandible.
• before fusing into one, juvenille hyoid is made of 3 parts.

Question 7

What are paranasal sinuses?

Name the 4 paired sinuses:

Answer 7

they are air-filled cavities in the bones of the skull around the nasal cavity. Temporal bone air cells.

FEMS:
1. frontal
2. ethmoidal
3. Maxillary
4. Sphenoid

Question 8

Name the 5 skeletal sex categories

Answer 8

Definite male (M)
Possible male (?M)
Indeterminate (?)
Possible female (?F)
Definite female (F)

Question 9

When estimating the sex of a skull:
-theyre is a scale of 1-5 meaning …. to ….
- They are scored as …….

Name some of the factors which differ in males and females.

Answer 9

• hyper-female to hyper-male.
• Scored as binary attributes
• External occipital protuberance
• Nuchal crest
• Mastoid process
• Supra orbital margin
• Supra orbital ridge/glabella.

Question 10

How does the infant skull relate to child birth?

how does the infant and adult skill differ?

Answer 10

the flexibility and molding of the infant skull allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. The fontanelles and sutures of the infant skull enable the skull bones to overlap and compress during childbirth, reducing the risk of injury to the baby and the mother.

Infant skulls are smaller, have fontanelles as bone has not yet fully fused. Infants have a rounder skull shape and sutures are not yet fully fused.