Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUR2229 oncology & palliative care > week 5 - pain concepts & assessments > Flashcards

week 5 - pain concepts & assessments Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the 4 phases of the ascending pain pathway?

A
  1. complex transmission from periphery to dorsal root of spinal cord
  2. terminate in dorsal horn
  3. signals communicate w/ local interneurons
  4. neurons w/ long axons ascend to brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what woud you use OPQRSTSUV for?

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do C fibres transmit?

A

poorly localised, dull, aching pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what level does modulation occur in the NS?

A

all lvls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

can there be selective responses to stimuli in the descending pain pathway?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are 3 ways to describe neuropathic pain?

A
  1. shooting
  2. burning
  3. electric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define referred pain

A

pain felt in an area of the body distant from actual source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is visceral pain often the result of?

A

stretching from inflammation or spasms of organ tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are C fibres associated w/?

A

diffuse, dull, persistant pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is released during transduction?

A

chemcal mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the PAINAD scale for?

A

pain assessment in advanced dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what 4 things are involved in the perception of pain?

A
  1. reticular activating system (RAS)
  2. somatosensory system
  3. limbic system
  4. cortical structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what would you use the numeric rating scale NRS for?

A

acute
children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does persistant pain assessment =?

A

acute + other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are 3 signs of inflammatory pain?

A
  1. redness
  2. swelling
  3. heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what would you use the intitial pain assessment tool for?

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

give 3 examples of what nociceptors detect

A
  1. heat
  2. pressure
  3. chemical irritants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is allodynia?

A

condition in which normally non-painful stimuli is perceived as painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what 3 chemical substances can be released during modulation?

A
  1. endogenous opioids
  2. serotonin
  3. NA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what stimuli are C fibres sensitive to?

A

mechanical
thermal
chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is visceral pain?

A

originating from internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is another name for psychogenic pain?

A

somatoform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is transduction?

A

when a noxious stimulus is detected by nocicepted > converted into electrical signals (AP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what would you use the visual analogue scale VAS for?

A

acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how long does pain need to last to be considered persistant?
> 3-6 months (arbitrary)
26
comment on 1. vital signs 2. pt activity 3. pt mentioning of pain 4. pain behaviour for acute pain
1. high BP, RR, HR 2. restless/anxious 3. reports pain 4. exhibits pain behaviour
27
comment on the myelination, diameter & conduction speed of C fibres
1. unmyelinated 2. small 3. slow-conducting
28
29
what is idiopathic pain?
pain w/ unknown/unclear underlying cause
30
what is inflammatory pain?
arising from activation of immune response, often due to tissue damage/infection
31
is the brief pain inventory BPI multidimensional & who what you use it for?
yes persistent, children, elderly, CALD (culturally & linguistically diverse)
32
what 3 ways can the descending pain pathway be modulated?
1. chemical substances 2. gate theory 3. actions
33
what is referred pain due to?
shared nerve pathways
34
what would you use the pain anxiety symptom scale PASS for?
persistent
35
what is psychogenic pain?
primarily caused/influenced by psychological factors
36
what would you use the pain catastrophising scale for?
persistent
37
what would you use the verbal descripter/rating scale for?
acute
38
what are the 4 elements of assessment for pain?
1. patient self-report 2. observation 3. interview 4. physical examination
39
is the McGill pain questionnaire MPQ multidimensional & what would you use it for?
yes persistent
40
what would you use PQRST for?
acute
41
what is breakthrough pain?
intense episodes of pain that breakthrough regular pain management regiment
42
what is modulation in the pain pathway? | 3 sentences
signals from brain travelling downwards amplification/dampening of pain system release of chemical substances
43
what are 2 endogenous opioids?
1. encephalins 2. endorphins
44
define neuropathic pain
results from damage/dysfunction of the NS inc. nerves
45
is visceral pain challenging to localise?
yes
46
can neuropathic pain be chronic?
yes
47
comment on: 1. vital signs 2. skin 3. pupils 4. pt activity 5. pt mentioning of pain 6. pain behaviour for chronic pain
1. normal 2. dry/warm 3. normal/dilated 4. depressed/withdrawn 5. dowsn't mention pain unless asked 6. often absent
48
what is analgesia?
relief from pain, often through meds/interventions that block pain signals or alter pain perception
49
what are A-delta fibres associated w/?
acute pain
50
what do A-delta fibres transmit?
well-localised, sharp pain
51
why does phantom pain occur?
brain's attempt to interpret signals from nerves that used to supply missing body part
52
define pain
unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated w/ actual or potential tissue damage protective mechanism
53
what does the paediatric FLACC scale stand for?
face legs activity cry consolability
54
what is the descending pain pathway?
brain > spinal dorsal horn
55
what is hyperalgesia?
increased sensitivity to painful stimuli
56
define nociceptive pain
pain caused by activation of nociceptors localised, well-defined
57
does chronic pain have sympathetic or parasympathetic NS responses?
parasympathetic
58
what phase are A-delta & C fibres used?
injury site > spinal cord (transmission)
59
comment on the myelination, diameter & conduction speed of A-delta fibres
1. thinly 2. large 3. fast-conducting
60
is neuropathic pain easy to treat?
can be challenging
61
what would you use the neuropathic/nociceptive discrimination DN4 scale for?
persistent
62
what would you use the faces pain scale for?
children
63
what are 3 ways to describe visceral pain?
1. dull 2. deep 3. vague
64
what are the 4 steps in the nociceptive pain response?
1. transduction 2. transmission 3. perception 4. modulation
65
what is phantom pain?
percieved in a part of the body that has been amputated
66
is acute pain a parasympathetic or sympathetic NS response?
sympathetic
67
what did persistant pain used to be called?
chronic
68
what does PQRST stand for?
provocation/palliation quality/quantity region/radiation severity timing
69
what are the 3 phases of transmission?
1. injury site > spinal cord 2. spinal cord > brain stem & thalamus 3. thalamus > cortex
70
what stimuli are A-delta fibres sensitive to?
mechanical thermal
71
what are nociceptors?
specialised sensory receptors that respond to harmful stimuli
72
what does OPQRSTUV stand for?
onset provocation/palliation quality region/radiation severity treatment understanding impact values
73
what are 3 possible causes of psychogenic pain?
1. stress 2. anxiety 3. depression
74
what is chronic pain?
persists for an extended period, beyond tissue healing time significant impact on person's quality of life
75
what is acute pain?
sudden, usually related to a specific injury/illness warning sign, short duration related to tissue injury
76
what are the 2 primary types of nerve fibres responsible for transmitting pain signals to the CNS?
1. A-delta fibers 2. C fibers
77
what are 7 chemical mediators in pain? | "BOdySHoP Pain'S"
1. bradykinins 2. others 3. substance P 4. histamine 5. potassium 6. prostaglandins 7. serotonin
78
what is perception in the pain pathway?
conscious experience of pain

NUR2229 oncology & palliative care (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions