Week 5- Quizzes, Animations, Clicker Questions Flashcards
Unlike the biological species concept, the morphospecies concept relies on:
phenotype.
offspring.
behavior.
physiology.
phenotype
Why:
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding hybridization?
Natural selection sometimes acts against progeny that result from hybridization.
All of these choices are correct.
Hybridization occurs in plants more often than in animals.
Hybridization can result in fertile offspring.
Hybridization involves the transfer of genetic material between members of similar species.
All of these choices are correct.
Why:
Which of the following species concepts might differentiate species on the basis of specific dietary requirements?
ecological species
evolutionary species
ring species
ecological species
Why:
While in South America, you come across what you think are two groups of birds in the same location. They are nearly identical aside from their color. After years of observation, you conclude that the birds eat similar diets and share similar behaviors but do not reproduce with each other. These groups of birds appear to be an example of:
a single ecological species.
a single biological species.
ring species.
two different species on the basis of the ecological niche occupied.
two different species on the basis of reproductive behavior.
two different species on the basis of reproductive behavior.
Why:
You would expect similar species with a different number of chromosomes to be genetically compatible and therefore able to reproduce.
True
False
True
Why:
The longer two species have been separated, the greater the number of genetic differences between them.
True
False
True
Why:
In the southwestern desert of the United States there are temporary ponds that form only after heavy summer rains. As a naturalist, you visit these ponds and notice that female frogs mate with males of their own species based only on their calls. The lack of mating between different species would be an example of _____ and _____.
pre-zygotic isolation; temporal separation
post-zygotic isolation; behavioral isolation
pre-zygotic isolation; behavioral isolation
post-zygotic isolation; temporal separation
pre-zygotic isolation; behavioral isolation
Why:
Two species of frog mate in the same pond. One breeds in early summer and one in late summer. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolation?
post-zygotic, temporal separation
pre-zygotic, ecological separation
pre-zygotic, behavioral isolation
pre-zygotic, temporal separation
post-zygotic, ecological separation
pre-zygotic, temporal separation
Why:
The reason that lions (which live in Africa) and tigers (which live in Asia) don’t produce ligers (infertile offspring of lions and tigers) in the wild is likely the result of:
behavioral isolation of tigers and lions.
both temporal and ecological separation of lions and tigers.
an incompatible lock-and-key mechanism between the species.
temporal separation of lions and tigers.
ecological separation of lions and tigers.
ecological separation of lions and tigers.
Why:
You are an experienced naturalist and biologist and you observe two birds mating that you do not believe to belong to the same species. The eggs from this breeding do not hatch, and when you obtain one of the eggs, you find embryonic development stopped not long after fertilization. Which of the following conclusions is supported by these observations?
Post-zygotic factors prevented successful reproduction.
Pre-zygotic isolation prevented successful reproduction.
Temporal isolation prevented successful reproduction.
This is evidence to suggest the two types of birds are a single species.
Behavioral isolation prevented successful reproduction.
Post-zygotic factors prevented successful reproduction.
Why:
The accumulation of different mutations in genetically separated populations is known as _____ and is the key to speciation.
genetic divergence
reproductive fitness
intersexual selection
reinforcement
genetic divergence
Why:
You are a biologist on a trip to an island in the South Pacific. While on the island, you are allowed to collect DNA samples from a local species of rat that resembles a species seen on a nearby continent. If your DNA analysis also indicates the two species are closely related, you might conclude that the evolution of the two separate species was an example of _____ speciation through _____.
sympatric; vicariance
allopatric; dispersal
allopatric; vicariance
sympatric; dispersal
allopatric; dispersal
Why:
_____ is a special case of explosive speciation in which new species form rapidly in response to numerous “open” ecological niches.
Co-speciation
Adaptive radiation
Peripatric speciation
Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
Adaptive radiation
Why:
In co-speciation, two groups of organisms speciate in response to each other and in a coordinated manner.
True
False
True
Why:
In general, allopatric species will evolve pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms more rapidly than sympatric species.
True
False
False
Why:
_____ is the gradual emergence of two or more species as a result of the geographic separation of two or more groups of animals of the same species.
Sympatric speciation
Instantaneous speciation
Allopatric
Co-speciation
Adaptive speciation
Allopatric
Why:
Two species of antelope ground squirrels are separated by the Grand Canyon. They are hypothesized to descend from a common ancestor, populations of which were separated as the canyon formed. If this hypothesis is correct, it would be an example of:
peripatric speciation by vicariance.
sympatric speciation by vicariance.
allopatric speciation by vicariance.
sympatric speciation by dispersal.
allopatric speciation by dispersal.
allopatric speciation by vicariance.
Why:
Adaptive radiation is an acceleration of speciation and adaptation when there are a large number of ecological opportunities available.
True
False
True
Why:
For many species, hybridization results in sterile offspring, a process known as reinforcement of isolation. An alternate way of viewing the process of reinforcement is:
selection for hybrid individuals.
behavioral isolation.
selection against individuals that hybridize.
ecological isolation.
selection against individuals that hybridize.
Why:
Sympatric speciation:
only occurs in bacteria.
whenever hybrids mate with parental species.
can occur instantaneously through formation of polyploid offspring.
occurs whenever a physical barrier between two species is removed (i.e., a river dries up) and the two species start to interbreed.
can occur instantaneously through formation of polyploid offspring.
Why:
Imagine a scenario in which a common population of animals is separated into two groups by a natural event. Over time, you might expect the two populations to become _____ genetically similar. This process is known as _____ speciation.
less; allopatric
more; allopatric
less; sympatric
more; sympatric
less; allopatric
Why:
_____ is the primary force responsible for changes in allelic frequency of deleterious mutations. _____ is the primary force responsible for changes in allelic frequency of neutral mutations.
Natural selection; Genetic drift
Genetic drift; Natural selection
Natural selection; Genetic drift
Why:
Speciation can occur in the absence of natural selection; for example, in speciation that results from instances of genetic drift.
True
False
True
Why:
Imagine that you had two populations of red-tailed hawks one with long tail feathers, the other with short tail feathers. Mating discrimination in this species could entail either hawks with long tail feathers preferentially mating with other hawks that have long tail feathers, or hawks with short tail feathers preferentially mating with other hawks that have short tail feathers.
True
False
True
Why:
