Week 5 (Sheep & Goats)

Question 1

Where in Texas are most of the sheep population located?

Answer 1

Edward’s Plateu

Question 2

Extensive Production Systems

Answer 2

• southwestern range operations
• northwestern range operations

Question 3

Intensive Production System

Answer 3

• farm flock operation
• lamb feedlot industry

Question 4

What are Southwestern Range Operations

Answer 4

• use finer wool ewes, most adaptable
• very little supplemental feed
• impacts on profit: rain, predators, lamb crop, high quality fleece

Question 5

What are Northwestern Range Operations

Answer 5

• similar structure to southwest, more supplemental feed
• goal: fast growing, easily marketed carcass sheep, coarser, heavier fleeced ewes, larger lamb crop

Question 6

Farm Flock Sheep Production

Answer 6

Lamb Production: intensive management 150-200% lamb crop

Maternal (prolific, heavy milking)
Paternal (growth, muscularity)

Question 7

Lamb Feedlot Industry

Answer 7

• Colorado & Texas led
• concentrate diets: high energy content
• goal= maximize average daily gain

Question 8

3 parts of Goat Production

Answer 8

1. Hair Production
2. Meat Production
3. Dairy Production

Question 9

What is the hair in goat production?

Answer 9

Mohair (angora goat) 90% of U.S. production in Texas

Spanish Goat Nannies X cashmere bucks

Question 10

Goat Production (meat)

Answer 10

• Spanish goat
• boer goat
• browse

Question 11

Goat Production (dairy)

Answer 11

• intensively managed
• leading states are Wisconsin & California
• Nubian and saanen

Question 12

Reproduction

Answer 12

Puberty: Rams/Ewes 6 to 8 months
Length of Estrous Cycle: 17 days
Length of Estrus: 30 hours
Ovulation: 15 hours after onset of estrous
Gestation length: 150 days

Question 13

Filiform Appendage

Answer 13

Goat Penis

Question 14

Goat Reproduction

Answer 14

Age of Puberty: 6 to 8 months
Estrous cycle length: 21 days
Estrus Length: 36 hours
Ovulation: 24 hours after estrus
Gestation length: 150 days

• seasonal breeders (breed in fall, birth in spring)

Question 15

Range

Answer 15

• extensively managed

Question 16

Jugs

Answer 16

• intensively managed inside barns (5x5)

Question 17

Docking

Answer 17

• removal of tail
• two weeks of age

Question 18

Castrate

Answer 18

• removal of testicles
• four weeks of age

Question 19

4 ways to dock

Answer 19

1. Knife
2. Emasculator
3. Elastrator
4. Electric Docker

Question 20

4 ways to castrate

Answer 20

1. Knife
2. Elastrator
3. Burdizzo
4. Emasculator

Question 21

Common management practices

Answer 21

1. Crutching (shear backside)
2. Facing (shear face)
3. Drenching (drain)
4. Spraying

Question 22

What animals are used for predator control?

Answer 22

• Great Pyrenees
• donkey
• llamas
• Border collies

Question 23

Age determinate (TEETH)

Answer 23

1-1.5 years = first pair
1.5-2 years= second pair
2.5-3 years= third pair
3.5-4years= fourth pair

Question 24

Internal Parasites

Answer 24

Haemonchus contortus
From grass

Question 25

External Parasites

Answer 25

* flies * keds * ticks * lice

Question 26

Health Problems

Answer 26

1. Starvation 2. Trauma 3. Enterotoxemia 4. Sore Mouth (zoonotic) 5. Coccidiosis

Question 27

Front leg problems

Answer 27

* buck kneed (too foward) * calf kneed (backwards) * weak pastures

Question 28

Hind leg problems

Answer 28

* post legged * sickle hocked * weak pasterns * bow legged * cow hocked

Question 29

Correct Mouth Soundness

Answer 29

* lower incisors align with dental pad

Question 30

Overshot Jaw (parrot mouth)

Answer 30

Hinders intake

Question 31

Undershot jaw (monkey mouth)

Answer 31

Hinders intake

Question 32

Sheep fleece traits

Answer 32

* staple * density * yield * uniformity grade * fitness *color * luster

Question 33

Ewes

Answer 33

* commonly, reeders select for multiple births Culling auntie rearing ewes increases

Question 34

Rams

Answer 34

* physical assessment of scrotal size and semen evaluation

Question 35

Genetics Evaluation

Answer 35

NSIP NATIONAL SHEEP IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FEPD FLOCK EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCE * maternal, growth, and wool traits

Question 36

Steps in Wool Production

Answer 36

1. Shearing 2. Grading 3. Packaging 4. Storage 5. Marketing 6. Manufacturing

Question 37

Manufacturing

Answer 37

1. Sorting 2. Scouring 3. Drying 4. Carding 5. Carding

Question 38

Major factors of Wool Evaluation

Answer 38

* yield * grade * staple length

Question 39

Wool should be free from

Answer 39

* black fibers, kemp, excess belly wool