Week 5 SLEEP Flashcards
(38 cards)
Key behavioural risk factors that
are an important research focus include
poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking and excessive
alcohol consumption (and sleep)
a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness
to the environment
Sleep
major property of sleep:
a change in consciousness or environmental awareness
a non- invasive, objective sleep-
recording instrument, changed the general conception that sleep was an elementary,
passive state
electroencephalogram (EEG)
a device used to measure sleep: involving the application of electrodes to the face
and scalp to record brainwaves and muscle movement
electroencephalogram (EEG)
device used to observe sleep (and in other situations also) that applies electrodes next
to the subjects eyes to measure eye movements
electro-oculogram (EOG)
device used to observe sleep (and in other situations also) that applies electrodes under
the subjects chin to measure muscle tone
electromyogram (EMG)
Stage of sleep characterised by high- frequency activity waves known as ——- Waves, and a little bit of movement, as does the chin.
alpha waves; wake stage
Based on the patterns observed in the brain and muscles, sleep is categorised into
two contrasting substates:
non- rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement
(REM)
NREM sleep has been divided into —–stages
Four
Stage of NREM sleep considered to be a transitional
stage, somewhere between sleep and wakefulness, only occurring for a short time. It is
characterised by low amplitude EEG activity, slow rolling eye movements and a low arousal
threshold - it is easy to rouse someone from
1
this stage of sleep is generally recognised as
the onset of true sleep, and is the most prevalent sleep stage. It is associated with
-EEG spindles (waves of 12 to 14 Hz, lasting for 0.5 to 1.5 seconds), and
-K complexes (a sharp negative incline followed by a positive wave, lasting for 0.5 seconds)
Stage 2
Occuring in Stage —- of sleep EEG —— are waves of 12 to 14 Hz, lasting for 0.5 to 1.5 seconds
2, spindles
Occuring in Stage —- of sleep — ——— appear on the sleep graph as a sharp
negative incline followed by a positive wave, lasting for 0.5 seconds)
2, K Complexes
Stages —- and —- are
collectively known as slow wave sleep (SWS)
3 and 4
slow wave sleep (SWS) stage(s)
3 and 4
. The eyes are actually quite still
during SWS; the electrical activity in the brain is so large that:
artefact from the EEG is
being picked up in the EOG signals
—– is associated with the
secretion of growth hormone, and for this reason has been implicated in growth and tissue
repair
SWS Slow Wave Sleep
discovered by Aserinsky and Kleitman in 1953, is characterised
by: prominent rapid eye movements; fast, desynchronised wave forms of low amplitude;
and loss of muscle tone
REM sleep,
A large proportion of dreaming is thought to occur in
—- ——, since individuals awoken during this stage report detailed story- like dreams
and vivid hallucinations
REM sleep
NREM and REM sleep alternate in periodic cycles. A healthy individual will typically
experience four to five alternating NREM/ REM cycles of approximately —– ——–’
duration during a nocturnal sleep period
90 minutes
Sleep is illustrated using a
—– ——
sleep hypnogram
We refer to the pattern of sleep stages across the night as
sleep
architecture
Humans are ——, which means that they remain active by day and at rest at night.
diurnal
