Week 5 V1 muscle contraction

Question 1

A muscle stimulation causing the muscles to contract/relax come from what system?

Answer 1

CNS - Central nervous system

Question 2

The stimulus is delivered by the …

Answer 2

Neuron

Question 3

Tendon ends are best referred to as … sites?

Answer 3

Attachment sites

Question 4

The origin of the muscle is where…

Answer 4

No movement occurs

Question 5

The insertion is where…

Answer 5

Joint movement occurs

Question 6

The muscle is made of lots of longitudinal cylindrical bundles which are called?

Answer 6

Fasiculi

Question 7

Fasiculi are…

Answer 7

Bundle of muscle fibres

Question 8

Inside myofibrils are…

Answer 8

Myofilaments

Question 9

Myofilaments don’t run the length of the muscle fibre but are arranged into compartments known as…

Answer 9

Sarcomeres

Question 10

Muscle contraction occurs in the ….

Answer 10

Sarcomere

Question 11

Contraction occurs because the …. are pulled closer together

Answer 11

Z lines

Question 12

The thick myofilaments are…

Answer 12

Myosin

Question 13

The thin myofilaments are…

Answer 13

Actin

Question 14

What two systems contribute to the complete nervous system?

Answer 14

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 15

The central nervous system includes the?

Answer 15

Brain and spinal cord

Question 16

The peripheral nervous system consists of?

Answer 16

The nerves that branch off the spinal cord into the body

Question 17

The stimulus needed for a muscle to contract is delivered by a ?

Answer 17

Neuron

Question 18

There are 4 main parts of a neuron:

Answer 18

Dendrites, cell body (SOMA), axon, neuromuscular junction

Question 19

Dendrites..

Answer 19

Receive messages from cells and pass it onto the SOMA

Question 20

Soma…

Answer 20

Directs the activities

Question 21

Axon…

Answer 21

Conducts impulses (messages) away from the soma and finishes at the dendrite terminal

Question 22

Neuromuscular junction…

Answer 22

Where the muscle is stimulated

Question 23

The length of some nerves causes the creation of?

Answer 23

Neuron chains

Question 24

Neuron chains are…

Answer 24

Neurons that are linked together. The axons pass the stimulus to another neuron instead of to the neuromuscular junction

Question 25

When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of a transmitter substance called?

Answer 25

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 26

True of false; one neuron can stimulate more than one muscle fibre?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is a motor unit?

Answer 27

The neuron and all the muscle fibres it stimulates

Question 28

To generate or sustain force the motor units are?

Answer 28

Stimulated more

Question 29

Increasing ... of stimulation decreases time between impulses

Answer 29

Frequency

Question 30

The mechanical aspect of muscle contraction is called?

Answer 30

The sliding filament theory

Question 31

Once the impulse reaches the muscle fibres it stimulates a reaction with each .... between the .... and ....

Answer 31

Sarcomere. Actin and myosin

Question 32

Myosin is the .. myofilament and actin is the ... myofilament

Answer 32

Thick and thin

Question 33

The end result is that each ... reduces its length and thus reduces the fibre length, causing movement at the ...

Answer 33

Sarcomere. Insertion

Question 34

Stimulation causes the ... to bind with the ... cross bridges

Answer 34

Actin. Myosin

Question 35

The cross bridges attach to ... myosin binding sites

Answer 35

2

Question 36

In the presence of ... the .... moves

Answer 36

Energy. Cross bridges

Question 37

Each myosin cross bridge has an .... binding site

Answer 37

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 38

Muscle stimulation causes ... to split while attached to the cross bridge

Answer 38

ATPase (enzyme)

Question 39

The splitting of ATPase releases...

Answer 39

Energy

Question 40

After this contraction ... occurs unless stimulated again

Answer 40

Decoupling

Question 41

What is required to recombine ADP + Pi = ATP to enable the process to continue?

Answer 41

Energy

Question 42

Nerve stimulus from the ... terminal causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release ... which binds to troponin - tropomyosin

Answer 42

Axon. Calcium

Question 43

Troponin - ... moves out the way, exposing cross bridge attachment sites for ..., allowing the .... process to occur

Answer 43

Tropomyosin. Actin. Contraction

Question 44

A nerve impulse reaching the .... causes .... to be released causing its continuation into the muscle

Answer 44

Axon terminal. Acetylcholine

Question 45

The ... reticulum releases ... causing tropomyosin complex to move exposing the ....

Answer 45

Sarcoplasmic. Myosin binding sites

Question 46

Myosin binds to actin as ... is split allowing cross bridge movement to occur, and force to be developed as the sarcomeres shorten

Answer 46

ATP

Question 47

The muscle as a whole shortens when all the fibres of the .... are stimulated

Answer 47

motor units