Week 6

Question 0

Xomposer counterpoint Dilemnnna

Answer 0

Independant lines, that are sonorour, caring what is happening in all voices.

Question 1

Musical Preliminary Defintions

Answer 1

Polyphony: Several independant voices texture
Counterpoint: multiple parts developed. xompoaiition technique liek fugue.

Question 2

Auditory Scene analysis (Asa)

Answer 2

Process by whcih our auditory system parses income sonic waveform, by extracting tis spectral components and by segregating or integrating these ocmponents according tocriteria.

Question 3

How do these principles apply to perception. COunterpoint

Answer 3

Harmonic and horizonatl melodic dimesnions
Polyphonic music, listneres segregate sounds into perceptual streams.
Rule governing contrapuntal practice eveloved likely due to priniples of “primmitve auditory organization” Wright Bregman 198)7

Question 4

Voice Leading?

Answer 4

refers to goals that govern the behaviour of individyal boices

Question 5

goals of voice leading

Answer 5

create roles for two or more perceptually distinguished parts
1. clear auditory stream integration within each part.
2. promote audiorty stream segregation between the parts.
hmm like social psychology stats, tratis/???

Question 6

Huron (2001)
6 principles
Voice leading rules from perceptual things

Answer 6

Toneness, 
temporal continutioy, 
masking, 
tonal fusion, 
pitch proximity
pitch co-modualtion

Question 7

Rule of registeral compass
keep voice within a region, instaff.
a) clear auditory stream integration within each part
1. Toneness principles: unambiguous pitch clear auditory images.
Concurrent grouping principle, harmonicity. map equal speacing detect pitch. short band.
How do we create events with strong toneness?

Answer 7

below 5khz and above 60Hz, must be in ideal range

Question 8

Pitch weight?

Answer 8

Pitch clarity, Average pitch of instrumental music.
D#4 above below become worse and worse at identifying.
80-800hz we hear pitch really well.

Question 9

Temporal COntinuity
integration into one part for meldoy.

2. temporal continuity
   best way maximaze duartion of sound, minimize overlap best evoked continuous recurring sounds for clear auditory strems.
   In musical practice, this principle is followed by?

Answer 9

Designing instruments to maximize duration of prodced sound

avoiding rests

Question 10

Rule of chord spacing
No more than octave between soprano and alto.

clear auditoyr segregation between the parts

3. Minimum masking principle
   To minimize auditory masking within some vertical sonority, approx equivalent amount of spectral energy should fall within each critical band.
   the width “frequency range “ of the critical and descreases with increasing frequency.
   Want to aboid having notes in same critical band, low notes have large critical band, higher are smaller.

Answer 10

we can segreagte diferent notes into different parts,

Question 11

Avoiding unisons
b, clear auditory stream segregation

4. Tonal Fusion principle
   the perceptual indipendance of concurrent tones is weakend when the pitch relations promote tonal fusion. Unisons, octaves and fifths are the culprits

Answer 11

Neat diagrams showing overtones.

Question 12

Its all about log.

Answer 12

things are not equally spaced, suished in higher parts, even on membrane. Chord spacing too.

Question 13

Bach diagram , music, vs participants

Answer 13

composers write intervals, avoicding sensory dissonance,
composers avoid tonal fusion, including octave,
especially like thirds and sixths

Question 14

Pitch proximity

Answer 14

preserve common tone, nearest chordal tone, ocnjunct motion, aoid leaps, avoid part-crossing
avoid part overlap

Question 15

Pitch proximity
clear integration and clear segreagtion

Coherence of an auditory strem is mainted by ckise outcg orixunust ub syccessuve tones within the stream

Answer 15

if tempo slow, diagram shows, we are in a grey area, choose to segreagte or integrate.
baseline, small frequency sepeartaion means we always integreate.

Question 16

Huron rpoof pitch proximity, interval size
proximal pitch
then duration

Answer 16

Maximiaum occuracne is two semitones, Proximal pitches strem integration.

Question 17

IN music pitch proximity

Answer 17

favour common tones
favour conjunt motion
avoid large leaps or use longer durations for notes
aoicd voice crossing

Question 18

rules for perfect intervals
segregation
pitch comodualtion prinicples
percptual union of the concurrant tones is encouraged when pitch motins are positively correlated, particuarly when the correlations is precise.
Tonal fusion increased when

Answer 18

two tones are modulated by a coreelated changes in log freq parallel motion,
perfect consonnances
the tones are moving in the same direction

make sure one voice moves by step if using a perfect interval.

Question 19

Huron’s auxiliary principles

Answer 19

Onset synchrony
Limited denstiy

lets us distinguish between differences or musical textures

Question 20

ONset sycnhrony

Answer 20

Part high degree indepenance, mean synchronous events shoudl be avoided.
Ex. looked at the phase, dip at onset synchrony when events are occuring
but style dependant
Chorale synchronous, fugues asynchronous
diagram looks at octaves or fifths probably at ends of phrases synchronous events probably occurin fugues. suspenison leads to asynchronous.

Question 21

limited desnity principle

Answer 21

1-3 voices listeners good at identiying, beyond this, not so much.
in practise, favours 2-4 strems, fifth part often left out, even one part has what sounds like 3 streams.