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Chemistry > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define achelas solutions

A

Compounds that dissolve in water.

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2
Q

Define dissolution equation

A

Soluble ionic compound written as solvated ions

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3
Q

What happens to a compound in an achelas reaction?

A

The cation separates from the anion and the two parts are separated by water.

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4
Q

Define polyatomic ion

A

A compound like SO4 and CO2 that has a charge.

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5
Q

What can polyatomic anions not do?

A

Break apart. Most are polyatomic anions, with some polyatomic cation exceptions.

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6
Q

Dissociation

A

When a cation is separated from an anion the compound reacts with water.

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7
Q

Define solute

A

the smallest percent in a compound

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8
Q

Define solvent

A

The largest percent in a compound

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9
Q

Unit of concentration: %(m/m)

A

percent by mass

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10
Q

Unit of concentration: ppm

A

parts per million

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11
Q

Unit of concentration: ppb

A

parts per billion

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12
Q

Unit of concentration: %(v/v)

A

percent by volume

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13
Q

Unit of concentration: M

A

molarity

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14
Q

Unit of concentration: X

A

mole fraction

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15
Q

Unit of concentration: m

A

molarity

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16
Q

Ratio between solute and solvent/solution

A

(Solute)/(solvent or solution)

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17
Q

Molarity equation

A

M = moles of solute (n)/ liters of solution (V)

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18
Q

mM

A

Millimolar = M *10^3

19
Q

µM

A

Micromolar = M*10^6

20
Q

nM

A

Nanomolar = M*10^9

21
Q

Soluble solution

A

[Ions] > 0.1 moles/L

22
Q

moderately soluble solution

A

[Ions] = 0.01-0.1 moles/L

23
Q

Saturated solution

A

When the solute is at the solubility limit and the solids won’t dissolve anymore after a lot has been added.

24
Q

Dissociation

A

When a cation is separated from an anion the compound reacts with water.

25
Q

What groups like to stay together in an achelas reaction?

A

Mainly nonmetal compounds like NO3 or SO4.

26
Q

What do compounds that don’t dissolve depend on?

A
  1. Chemical composition of the solute and solvent.

2. Temperature and pressure of reaction mixture.

27
Q

Define “strong electrolyte”

A

A solution that has lots of free ions in the water.

28
Q

Define electrolyte

A

A solution with free mobile ions that will light up circuits.

29
Q

Define “non-electrolyte”

A

A solution with no free ions

30
Q

Define equilibrium

A

Rate of reactants in products is equal to the same of the reverse reaction. Also the ratio between the product and the reactants that follow a set of rules.

31
Q

Equilibrium constant

A

K=[products]/[reactants]

32
Q

what do [] mean

A

concentration of a solution

33
Q

rules for different chemicals

A
  1. (aq) are molar concentration (aka molarity) [mol/L]
  2. (s) and (l) => concentration of 1 (are excess solid)
  3. (g) => pressure of gas or [mol/L]
34
Q

what does the sp part of Ksp mean?

A

solubility product constant for a dissolution reaction

35
Q

Freakin insoluble solution

A

[Ions]

36
Q

five solubility rules

A

Rule #1: Most compounds of ammonium and Group 1 metal cations are soluble.
Rule #2: Most compounds of “many-atomed,” low charged polyatomic ions are soluble.
Examples) acetate, perchlorate, chlorate, and nitrate compounds
Rule #3: Most compounds of chloride, bromide, and iodide are soluble. Exceptions: silver(I), copper(I), thallium(I), mercury(I), and lead(II) cations
Rule #4: Most compounds of sulfate are soluble. Exceptions: calcium, strontium, barium, and lead(II) cations
Rule #5: Most other ionic compounds are insoluble.

37
Q

What is the solubility for ionic compounds related to?

A

The amount of solid going into the water.

38
Q

What ions are often soluble in water?

A

Ionic compounds with ions of a low charge.

39
Q

Equilibrium arrows

A

—>

40
Q

What Ksp value does a substance need to dissolve.

A

A Ksp value of less than 1.

41
Q

What happens when you mix a substance and end up with four different species in water?

A

None or all of the elements might react and make new compounds.

42
Q

Define spectator ions

A

Other species in the water that aren’t doing anything.

43
Q

Define precipitate

A

Certain compounds in a solution will be a solid.

44
Q

Define a net ionic equation

A

Has only the species that react or change, but leaves out the spectator ions.

Chemistry (9 decks)

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