Week 6 Flashcards
(40 cards)
what is hyperthyroidism
overproduction of thyroid hormones
what is another name for hyperthyroidism?
graves disease
WHat causes hyperthyroidism?
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) immunoglobulin antibodies that bind to TSH receptors, which may develop as a result of autoimmune reaction against thyroid tissue.
- Thyroid tumours, (most common cause of hyperthyroidism)
What are the S&S of hyperthyroidism?
Intolerance to heat Graves Disease Fine, straight hair Bulging eyes Facial flushing Enlarged Thyroid Tachycardia Increased systolic BP Breast enlargement Weight loss Muscle wasting Localised edema Finger clubbing Tremors Diarrhoea Menstrual Changes
What is a thyroid storm?
an exaggerated or florid state of thyrotoxicosis, it is a life threatening sudden onset of thyroid hyperactivity.
How common is a thryoid storm?
Thyroid storm may occur in 1% of patients with hyperthyroidism
WHat is hypothyroidism?
underproduction of thyroid hormones
WHat causes hypothyroidism?
- Autoimmune reaction that destroys the gland;
- Iodine deficiency (goiter) where uninhibited TSH production leads to increase in precursor molecule (thyroglobulin) but without iodine T3 and T4 cannot be formed.
What are the S&S of hypothyroidism?
Intolerance to coldhypothtroidism Receding hairline Facial and eyelid edema Dull-blank expression Extreme fatigue Thick tongue Slow speech Anorexia Brittle nails and hair Menstrual disturbances Hair loss Apathy Lethargy Dry skin Muscle aches and weakness Constipation
What is addisons disease?
aused by insufficient amounts of hormones from your adrenal glands.
WHat are the causes of addisons disease?
- Primary cause is autoimmune destruction (Addison’s Disease).
- Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency from ACTH deficiency from pituitary and hypothalamic disease.
- Other causes include hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal gland suppression from exogenously administered corticosteroid
What are the S&S of addisons disease?
Bronze pigmentation to skin Changes in distribution of body hair GI disturbances Hypoglycemia Postural hypotension Weight loss
What is pre-hospital treatment for addisons disease?
Supportive care
Oxygen if required
Fluids
Some systems - Hydrocortisone / dexamethasone
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
caused by high levels of the hormone cortisol.
What causes cushings syndrome?
- tumour
- steroid use side effect
what are the S&S of cushings syndrome?
Personality changes Moon face Increased susceptibility to infection Males – gynecomastia Fat deposits on face and back of shoulders Osteoporosis Hyperglycemia CNS irritability NA and fluid retention (edema) Thin ectremities GI distress Females – Amenorrhea, hirsutism Thin skin with purple striae Bruises and petechiae
What is and what causes Phaechromocytoma?
caused by benign tumour releasing hormones in an adrenal gland.
Adrenomedullary hyper function caused by tumour of adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells), which secretes catecholamines (adrenaline/ noradrenaline) on a continual or episodic basis.
What are the S&S of Phaechromocytoma?
Persistent hypertension Severe headache Diaphoresis Tachycardia Palpitations Pallor Nausea and vomiting Epigastric / chest pain
What is Hyperpituitarism?
Hyperpituitarism causing overproduction of pituitary hormones.
What causes hyperpituitarism?
Caused by Pituitary adenoma (benign tumour)
- Gigantism - young - epiphyseal / grown plates open > enlarged long bones
- Acromegaly - older - epiphyseal / grown plates fussed > enlarged face, hands & feet.
- Prolactinoma - overproduces prolactin, decrease in levels of some sex hormones.
- > S&S - Female - breast discharge, irregular menstrual periods.
- > S&S - Male - Decreased sexual drive, breast enlargement.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
-Cause increased levels of ADH > electrolyte in balance
What are S&S of hyperpituitarism?
Water retention, N&V, headache, confusion, weakness and / or fatigue.
WHat is hypopituitarism?
caused by low levels of certain hormones made by the pituitary gland.
What are the S&S of hypopituitarism?
Fatigue weight loss sensitivity to cold decreased appetite facial puffiness anemia irregular or no periods short stature in children.
What is diabetes Insipidus?
Diabetes Insipidus caused by decreased levels of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) which is made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
