Week 6: Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
(34 cards)
structure: esophagus, a 24 cm tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach
Innervation: recurrent laryngeal and vagus n.
structure: Cardiac region of stomach
innervation: Hepatic and left gastric plexuses (sympathetic innervation).
Gastric branches of vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Anterior and posterior esophageal plexus (parasympathetic innervation).
primary action: The cardiac region is the region where the esophagus joins the stomach and houses the cardiac orifice.
structure: fundus (of stomach)
The fundus is the rounded, dome-shaped superior portion of the stomach.
It is delineated by the initial convexity of the greater curvature.
Innervation: Hepatic and left gastric plexuses (sympathetic innervation).
Gastric branches of vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Anterior and posterior esophageal plexus (parasympathetic innervation).
structure: stomach body
The body is the midportion of the stomach and is the largest part.
innervation: Hepatic and left gastric plexuses (sympathetic innervation).
Gastric branches of vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Anterior and posterior esophageal plexus (parasympathetic innervation).
It is bordered superiorly by the fundus and inferomedially by the pyloric antrum.
The lateral border is formed by the greater curvature.
The medial border is formed by the gastric canal.
The anterior surface of the body is convex.
structure: Pyloric antrum
The pyloric antrum lies inferior to the body of the stomach and extends from the angular incisure to the sulcus intermedius.
Innervation: Hepatic and left gastric plexuses (sympathetic innervation).
Gastric branches of vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Anterior and posterior esophageal plexus (parasympathetic innervation).
It is bounded laterally by the body and medially by the pyloric canal.
Its superior and inferior borders are formed by the lesser and greater curvatures, respectively.
structure: pyloric canal
innervation: Hepatic and left gastric plexuses (sympathetic innervation).
Gastric branches of vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Anterior and posterior esophageal plexus (parasympathetic innervation).
The pyloric canal is situated to right of the stomach.
It is 2 to 3 cm long, extends from the pyloric antrummedially to the pylorus laterally, and is notched inferiorly by the sulcus intermedius.
structure: Pyloric sphincter
Innervation: Nerves from the hepatic and left gastric plexuses, derived from the celiac plexus (sympathetic).
Gastric branches of vagus nerve (parasympathetic).
The pyloric sphincter is a thickened ring of gastric muscle around the junction between the pyloric canal and the duodenum.
Along with the circular muscle fibers there is also a small number of longitundinal fibers.
The pyloric sphincter is usually in tonic contraction, relaxing only to allow sufficiently processed food into the rest of the alimentary tract.
Its presence creates a marked constriction around the pyloric canal.
structure: Duodenum
Innervation: Superior mesenteric plexuses (sympathetic innervation).
Intestinal branches of the vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Primary action: The duodenum is the conduit for bile, pancreatic secretions, and gastric contents.
structure: jejunum
innervation: Greater+ lesser splanchnic nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus, derived from the celiac plexus (sympathetic innervation).
Fibers from the posterior vagal trunk formed from the right vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Primary action: Responsible for absorbing nutrients, part of the small intestine
This has a diameter of approximately 4 cm, with thick walls, and a rich blood supply.
It lies largely within the umbilical region of the abdomen, with the first coil occupying a recess between the left kidney and the left part of the transverse mesocolon.
It has large circular folds and villi.
Structure: Ileum
innervation: Greater+lesser splanchnic nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus, derived from the celiac plexus (sympathetic innervation).
Fibers from the posterior vagal trunk, formed from the right vagus nerve (parasympathetic innervation).
Primary action: further digestion of food, absorption of nutrients *connects to the large intestine via the cecum
Structure: Cecum
Innervation: superior mesenteric plexus
Primary action: The cecum is a blind-ended sac that forms the beginning of the large intestine; its walls contain a large amount of lymphocytes.
Inferiorly it gives off the vermiform appendix; superiorly it receives the ileum at the ileocolic junction, which also marks its continuation upwards as the ascending colon.
structure: vermiform appendix
innervation: sup. mesenteric plexus
primary action: . It is an embryological remnant of a larger cecum and contains lymph nodules that play an important role in the bodies immunity. Its blind-ended structure provides an ideal growing environment for enteric bacteria, and is thereby at risk of inflammation.
The vermiform appendix is a 9 cm long, worm-like tube that extends from the inferior surface of the cecum.
structure: ascending colon
innervation: Branches from the superior mesenteric plexuses
Narrower than the cecum, the ascending colon extends for approximately 15 cm.
It ascends to the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver before turning anteriorly and towards the left, forming the right colic flexure.
The ascending colon is covered by peritoneum except where its posterior surface contacts the iliac fascia, iliolumbar ligament, quadratus lumborum, and the aponeurosis of transversus abdominis.
Its anterior surface contacts the ileum, greater omentum, and anterior abdominal wall.
structure: transverse colon
primary function: absorbs water and salts
structure: descending colon
It follows the inferior part of the lateral border of the left kidney before descending towards the iliac crest. Here it curves inferiorly and medially, anterior to psoas major, and meets the sigmoid colon at the pelvic inlet.
Its surfaces are covered by peritoneum, except for the posterior aspects in contact with the left kidney, aponeurosis of transversus abdominis, and quadratus lumborum.
Structure: Sigmoid Colon
Primary function: continuation of the descending colon
Structure: Rectum
Primary function: downward continuation of sigmoid colon, has three transverse fold that retain feces whilst passing flatus
Structure: Hepatic flexure
Primary action: forms the junction between the ascending and transverse colon, and is near the R lobe of the liver
structure: splenic flexure
primary function: forms the junction between the transverse colon and descending colon, located inferior to the spleen and is attached to the diaphragm by a fold of peritoneum
structure: spleen
Primary function: part filter, part lymphocyte factory.
Filters the blood dead cells, and creates lymphocytes to fight organisms that can cause infection.
structure: pancreas (body)
primary function: both digestive and endocrine functions:
produces pancreatic juice that breaks down proteins to amino acids, starch to maltrose, fats to fatty acid and glycerol. Produces glucagon and insulin to regulate blood sugar, etc.
Structure: Liver (R Lobe)
Primary function: stores sugars, vitamins and minerals, produces blood-clotting proteins, and bile. Breaks down poisons and toxins,
largest part of the liver, divides from the left lobe anteriorly.
Structure: Liver, Caudate Lobe
Primary function: stores sugars, vitamins and minerals, produces blood-clotting proteins, and bile. Breaks down poisons and toxins
The small, tail-like caudate lobe lies on the posterior surface of the liver in the mid line, above the quadrate lobe and functions as part of the left lobe.
It is bordered by the fissure for the ligamentum venosum to the left, the porta hepatis inferiorly, and the groove for the inferior vena cava to the right.
Structure: Liver (L Lobe)
Primary function: stores sugars, vitamins and minerals, produces blood-clotting proteins, and bile. Breaks down poisons and toxins,
largest part of the liver, divides from the left lobe anteriorly.
