Week 6-Body's Defenses/Immunity Resources Flashcards
(37 cards)
Differentiate between innate resistance (non-specific defenses) and adaptive immunity (specific immunity/defense)
Innate
Innate-non specific-
The first line and second line of defense-
Born with this-
General defense against disease
-no memory cells
groups of cells and structures
Differentiate between innate resistance (non-specific defenses) and adaptive immunity (specific immunity/defense)
Adaptive
Adaptive-specific-3rd line of defense- acquired-
B cells and T cells
Requires exposure to specific invader to activate cells
-Memory cells are produced to defend against next exposure
the body’s ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct/specific invaders and their products
Be able to recognize first line of defense factors. What is the overall purpose of first line of defense factors?
-external barriers like skin and mucus membranes
Structures, chemicals, and processes that work to prevent pathogens entering the body
Second line of defense
Specific white blood cells that help prevent against the growth
-mucus
-Phagocytes- neutrophils and macrophages
-NK cells
-inflammation
-Fever
Why is the skin such an effective defense against pathogenic microbes?
Skin is packed very tightly-hardly allows anything in
Skin has chemicals that defend against pathogens
Sebum secreted by sebaceous (oil) glands
* Helps keep skin pliable and less likely to break or tear- Helps prevent against MO from growing on skin
How does normal flora (microbiota) work as a defense (microbial antagonism)?
Normal microbiota compete with potential
pathogens
Activities of normal microbiota make it hard for
pathogens to compete
What does it mean if a cell is a “phagocyte”?
(Second line of defense)
Cells capable of phagocytosis
The ingestion and digestion of pathogens/debris
Describe the role of neutrophils. How do they kill?
a main phagocyte- make up around 60% of WBC’s
first WBC to go to site of infection;
can kill by secreting toxins as well;
Describe the role of macrophages. How do they kill?
can either wander to cell tissues or they are fixed in cell tissues (alveoli and brain)
macrophages can phagocytize damaged tissue
How does a NK cell kill pathogens? How does it know which cells to kill?
(second line of defense)
- Secrete toxins (perforins and granzymes) onto surface of virally infected cells and tumors
(can differentiate between “self” and “non-self”-between normal cells and pathogens or abnormal cells)
What is the function of interferons?
inhibit the spread of viral infections
They prevent the virus in neighboring cells from replicating
Briefly describe the 3 processes in acute inflammation. What is the purpose of inflammation? What occurs with chronic inflammation?
Prevent spread of pathogen by containing it in specific area and then destroying it
- Vasodilation+ increased permeability of bv—bringing more blood and its healing components to area (redness, painful,edema part)
- phagocytes come to the area to kill pathogen
-Neutrophils come first and macrophages come later - Tissue repair (anabolism to repair)—macrophages can phagocytize damaged tissue
Acute vs chronic inflammation
Acute- helpful
Chronic-Damage to tissues
How can a fever be beneficial in fighting infection?
increase the body’s core temperature
Inhibits growth of some microorganisms, increases metabolism for tissue repair
What is an antigen?
Molecules (usually proteins) the body recognizes as foreign and worthy of attack—
they will stimulate an immune response-What T and B cells respond to
What is the concept of “self” vs. “non-self” as it relates to immunity?
Stuff body contains-Self
Foreign invaders-nonself
What is the role of the lymphatic system as it relates to host defenses?
Remove excess fluid from tissues
Return it to CV system
absorption of fats
Protects against foreign invaders
What types of white blood cells are found in: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and MALT?What is the purpose of
these lymph organs and tissues?
Lymph nodes
All have T cells and B cells inside of them
lymph nodes- filters lymph-
scattered around body
What types of white blood cells are found in: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and MALT?What is the purpose of
these lymph organs and tissues?
Spleen
All have T cells and B cells inside of them
spleen-filters blood-
by the breast
What types of white blood cells are found in: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and MALT?What is the purpose of
these lymph organs and tissues?
Tonsils
Have T and B cells inside
tonsils-Help trap respiratory droplets in tonsils before they enter body
What types of white blood cells are found in: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and MALT?What is the purpose of
these lymph organs and tissues?
MALT
Have T and B cells inside
Malt-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-
initiates immune responses to specific antigens
Humoral Immunity (also called anti-body mediated immunity) involves what type of cells and works best against what type of pathogens?
B cells, plasma cells, memory B cells and Helper T cells
Works best against extracellular bacteria
Briefly describe the role of each cell involved in Humoral -anti-body mediated immunity including the role of antibodies. Be able to understand what occurs from recognition of antigen to the destruction of the antigen
B cells start inactive-recognizes antigen-now becomes active
Helper T cells-Tell B cells to clone into plasma cells-also makes memory cells
plasma cells produce proteins called antibodies to kill antigen
antibodies seek out antigen, bind to it and kill it
IgG
produced second-most common and longest-lasting antibody (circulates in plasma); can cross the placenta
