Week 6: Clade Arthropoda Flashcards
(101 cards)
0
Q
What clades are in clade chelicerata?
A
Merostomata and Arachnida
1
Q
Which clades are in clade Arthropoda?
A
Chelicerata, myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda
2
Q
Which clade has no antennae?
A
Chelicerata
3
Q
Which clade are horshoe crabs in?
A
Merostamata
4
Q
Which clade are spiders, ticks, mites and scorpions in?
A
Arachnida
5
Q
Which clades are in clade myriapoda?
A
Diplopoda and Chilopoda
6
Q
What clade are millipedes in?
A
Diplopoda
7
Q
How many pairs of walking legs do millipedes have per segment?
A
Two pairs of walking legs per segment
8
Q
Which clade are centipedes in?
A
Chilopoda
9
Q
How many pairs of walking legs do Chilopoda have?
A
1 pair per segment
10
Q
What clades are in clade Crustacea?
A
Malacostraca and then nested in that Decapoda
11
Q
How many thoracic and abdominal segments does Malacostraca have?
A
Eight thoracic and six abdominal segments
12
Q
Which clade has eyes on stalks?
A
Clade Decapoda
13
Q
Which clade is in clade Hexapoda?
A
Clade insecta
14
Q
Which clades are in insecta?
A
Orthoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera
15
Q
Which clade are grasshoppers, crickets, and locusts?
A
Orthoptera
16
Q
Which clade are dragonflies and damselflies in?
A
Odonata
17
Q
Which clade are beetles in?
A
Coleoptera
18
Q
Which clade are true flies in?
A
Diptera
19
Q
Which clade are butterflies in?
A
Lepidoptera
20
Q
Which clade are ants, bees, and wasps in?
A
Hymenoptera
21
Q
What three shared characteristics do Arthropoda have?
A
- Segmented bodies
- jointed appendages
- exoskeleton
22
Q
What is the exoskeleton made of and what secretes it?
A
Chitin and proteins, it’s secreted by the epidermis
23
Q
What are benefits of the exoskeleton?
A
- Support for body
- Anchor for muscle attachment
- Protection
- Prevents water loss
24
What are limitations of the exoskeleton?
Limits body size
25
What type of muscle do Arthropoda have?
Striated
26
What type of circulatory system do Arthropoda have?
Open
27
What is the hemocoel?
Main body cavity consisting of blood filled sinuses in the tissue
28
Describe the arthopodic true coelom
Role reduced, major body cavity, derived from embryonic blastopore
29
What is hemolymph?
Fluid in hemocoel that functions as blood and lymph, usually contains hemoglobin as oxygen carrying molecule but sometimes uses hemacyanin (copper metalloprotein)
30
How many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have?
2
31
How many pairs of antennae do insects have?
1
32
Horshoe crab: carapace
Part of exoskeleton that protects and covers the cephalothorax
33
HS crab: abdomen
The posterior section of the body in arthopodic
34
HS crab: cephalothorax
Fused portion of the body consisting of the head and thorax regions
35
HS crab: gill opercula
Protects book gills
36
HS crab: book gills
Respiratory strucutures found in aquatic chelicerates that consist of thin overlapping , blood filled flaps of tissue that exchange gas with sea water flowing over them
37
HS crabs: Simple eyes
(8) photoreceptors; smaller than the compound eyes
38
HS crab: Compound eyes
(2) Photoreception, large and composed of about 1000 ommitidia
39
HS crab: telson
Aids in anchoring, stiff "tail"
40
HS crab: chelicerae
Find food first, first pair of appendages
41
HS crab: pedipalps
Handle food, assist in mvmt; modified 2nd set of clawed appendages
42
HS crab: opisthosoma
Part of exoskeleton , protects/covers the abdomen
43
spider: cephalothorax
Fused portion of body consisting of the head and the thorax region
44
Spider: abdomen
Houses the reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and web spinning organs
45
Spider: book lung
Hollow compartment filled with numerous folds of the body wall. One side of fold is bathed in blood and allowing for gas exchange across thin moist layer
46
Spider: chelicera
First pair of appendages, modified into fangs
47
Spider: fangs
Modified chelicerae that inject powerful enzymes into prey
48
Spider: pedipalps
2nd appendages used for food manipulation
49
Spider: tracheal spiracle
Small apertures on side of abdomen for respiration
50
Spider: spinnerets
Used in spinning silk for catching prey, building bridges, escape, costing eggs, and gift wrapping
51
Crayfish: rostrum
Pointed region between eyes demarcating anterior end of body, protects stalked eyes and cerebral ganglia
52
Crayfish: antennae
Longer, paired appendages on head modified for chemosensory, tactile and equilibrium reception
53
Crayfish: antennules
Shorter, paired appendages on head modified for chemosensory, tactile and equilibrium reception
54
Crayfish: compound eyes
Detect light and form visual images
55
Crayfish: carapace
Covers cephalothorax, protection
56
Crayfish: swimmerets
Abdominal appendages modified for swimming
57
Crayfish: copulatory swimmerets
Larger, club shaped swimmerets used by male to transfer sperm during copulation
58
Crayfish: seminal receptacle
Located between the 5th pair of walking legs (under swimmerets)
59
Crayfish: telson
Tail fin for propulsion, anus on ventral side
60
Crayfish: uropods
Form lateral portions of the tail fin; propulsion
61
Crayfish: chelipeds (pinchers)
Large pinchers used for grasping food and for defense
62
Crayfish: walking legs
Locomotion, waking on land and crawling across stream bottom
63
Crayfish: gastric muscles
Move the cardiac stomach
64
Crayfish: gastric teeth/gastric mill (inside of cardiac stomach)
Chitonous teeth that grind food into liquefied mush
65
Crayfish: cardiac stomach
Thick walled, anterior portion of the stomach containing gastric mill
66
Crayfish: pyloric stomach
Thin walled chamber where chemical digestion of food occurs
67
Crayfish: mandibular muscles
Control of the motion of the mandibles, help masticate
68
Crayfish: gills
Respiration
69
Crayfish: heart (with Ostia)
Specialized muscle chamber containing Ostia (holes) to allow passive uptake of blood which is delivered to the body tissues through arteries
70
Crayfish: intestine
Long tube passing through the abdominal region in which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream for delivery to the body tissue
71
Crayfish: green glands
Paired excretory organs found along the ventral margin of the head region; they release waste out of the crayfish thru small pores in the ventral body wall
72
Crayfish: digestive glands
Accessory digestive organs that secrete enzymes into the pyloric stomach to facilitate chemical breakdown of food
73
What is the difference between male and female crayfish?
Females have a seminal receptacle and smaller swimmerets. Males have larger (copulatory) swimmerets
74
What are the characteristics that helped insects survive on land?
1. Stronger support systems and appendages - overcome gravity
2. Cuticles - withstand dry air yet allow gas exchange
3. Specialized respiratory, excretory and digestive structures
4. Wings - take advantage of aerial habitat
75
Hemimetabolic
Undergo incomplete metamorphosis, not a huge difference between old and young
76
Holometabolic
Undergo complete metamorphosis
77
Uniramous
Unbranched appendages
78
Biramous
Branched appendages
79
Grasshopper: compound eyes
Paired, complex image forming photoreceptors composed of numerous ommatidia that create a fairly coarse grained pic of their visual field
80
Grasshopper: ocelli
Simple photoreceptor consisting of a small cup backed by light absorbing pigments; not capable of image formation
81
Grasshopper: antennae
Thin, paired appendages on head modified for chemosensory and tactile reception
82
What is the order of the four mouthparts of the grasshopper from top to bottom?
1. Labrum
2. Mandible
3. Maxilla
4. Labium
83
Grasshopper: labrum
Top lip for manipulating food
84
Grasshopper: mandible
Mastication of food
85
Grasshopper: labium
Bottom lip, hold labial palps
86
Grasshopper: maxilla
Manipulation of food, contains maxillary palps
87
Grasshopper: spiracles
External openings in abdomen that allow airflow into and out of tracheae, part of tracheal system
88
Grasshopper: fore/hindwings
Used for flight
89
Grasshopper: ovipositor
External opening bordered by pointy chitonous teeth that penetrate the soil and create burrows for egg deposition
90
Grasshopper: tympanum
Receives sound waves and creates vibration (auditory sense)
91
Grasshopper: gastric ceca
Lobed accessory digestive areas located at the juncture between the crop and stomach which facilitate chemical digestion
92
Grasshopper: testes
Site of sperm production
93
Grasshopper: ovary
site of egg production and maturation. Fertilization is internal and fertilized eggs are deposited in the soil
94
Grasshopper: crop
Highly extensible, anterior portion of he get digestive tract that serves as a storage compartment for food
95
Grasshopper: malpighian tubules
Stringy, fibrous excretory organs that eliminate waste and osmoregulate
96
What is the difference between male and female grasshopper
Males don't have ovipositor, females have an ovipositor (Pringle mouth)
97
Early Arthropoda retained characteristics of Annelida but added what two additional features? What are there functions?
Jointed appendages: walking, flying, feeding, reproducing and sensing the environment
Exoskeleton: protection, support, anchor for muscles and barrier to minimize water loss
98
What were challenges presented by the move from aquatic to terrestrial habitats? What traits were selected for?
Challenges: gravity,
Traits: stronger support systems, smaller body size; reproductive, skeletal, digestive, excretory, and respiratory systems that conserved water. First to fly
99
Arthropods and vascular plants populated terrestrial habitats simultaneously. Discuss how this affected the relationships between the two
1. Virtually every kind of plant is eaten by one of more species of insects and insects are vectors of pollen for most flowering plants
2. Insects and plants became evolutionarily dependent on one another
3. Adaptive radiation was accelerated for athropods
100
What are the reasons for arthropod success?
1. Jointed appendages
2. Exoskeleton
3. Segmentation
4. Specialized respiratory system
5. Highly developed sensory organs
6. Complex behavior patterns
7. Reduced competition among populations b/c metamorphosis
8. No intra-species competition between young and adults
