Week 6 - Cognitive Impairments Flashcards
(20 cards)
Alzheimer’s - how it affects the brain
Hippocampus
Temporal lobe
Sequencing
Alzheimer’s - distinguishing features
Ability to understand, think, remember and emotions are lost
Alzheimer’s - course of the disease
Early, middle, and late stages
Better to worse
Forgetfulness to end of life care
Fronto Temporal Dementia (FTD) - affects the brain
Shrinkage of frontal and temporal lobe
Lack of apathy
FTD - distinguishing features
Tremors
Apraxia
Spasms
Language issues
Personality changes
FTD - course of disease
Early - personality changes
Late - memory decline
Lewy Body - how it affects the brain
Builds up on different structures of the brain
Accumulation of Lewy Bodies (protein)
Lewy body - distinguishing features
Abnormal protein deposits
Hallucinations
Movement disorder
Lewy body - course of disease
2 types of PD dementia
Dementia with Lewy Body leads to movement and cognitive impairment
Exists in pure form or coexists with PD
Vascular dementia - how it affects the brain
Sensory and cognitive functions
Blood vessels are impaired
Visual, hearing, speech, and slow thought
Planning, judgement, and problem solving
Vascular dementia - distinguishing features
Unsteady gait
Tremors
Shivering
Memory
Executive functions
Vascular dementia - course of disease
Early - mood/behavioral changes (depression)
Middle - gait affected, regular motor controls
Late - concentration, hallucinations, loss of speech, muscle tone (rigidity), bowel/bladder problems
Korsakoff dementia - how it affects the brain
Severe lack of vitamin B1
Korsakoff dementia - distinguishing features
Makes up false stories
Korsakoff dementia - course of disease
Early - misuse of alcohol
Middle - malnutrition
Late - malabsorption
Can be reversed with vitamin B1 supplements and rehydration
Confabulation
Use of imaginary experiences and made up information to fill in missing gaps
Making up stories
Sundowning
State of confusion starting in late afternoon and lasting into the night
Wandering
Traveling aimlessly
Hallucinations
Seeing, hearing and perceiving things that are not there
Perseveration
Being stuck on something and not be able to move on until the task is done
