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PIMS Embalming I > Week 6 Embalming Fluids & Fluid Chemistry > Flashcards

Week 6 Embalming Fluids & Fluid Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

concentrated preservative chemicals used primarily for arterial embalming for the purpose of preservation and disinfection

A

arterial fluid

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2
Q

arterial fluids function primarily on ____ in the body

A

proteins

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3
Q

arterial fluid that contains active dyes intended to restore a more natural skin tone

A

cosmetic fluid

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4
Q

mixture of arterial fluid and water used for arterial injection with the possible inclusion of supplemental fluids

A

arterial solution

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5
Q

fluids designed to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute more effectively; can include water conditioners, surfactants, anticoagulants, humectants

A

pre-injection fluid

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6
Q

primarily used to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) fluid

A

co-injection fluid

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7
Q

a chemical that inactivates saprophytic bacteria and attempts to arrest decomposition by converting body tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition

A

preservative

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8
Q

an agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects / surfaces to destroy most disease-causing microbial agents, excluding bacterial spores

A

disinfectant

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9
Q

liquid that serves as a solvent for embalming fluids

A

vehicle

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10
Q

agent that will impart permanent color to tissues

A

active dye

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11
Q

agent that will not impart permanent color to tissues; generally used to impart color to a chemical

A

inactive dye

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12
Q

chemical found in arterial fluid having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one

A

perfuming agents (masking agents)

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13
Q

chemical within the arterial fluid to deal with varying demands predicated upon the condition of the deceased, the environment, and the preservative to be used

A

modifying agent

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14
Q

HCHO

A

formaldehyde

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15
Q

formaldehyde is a colorless, odorless liquid (T/F)

A

false (colorless toxic gas with odor)

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16
Q

formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weight and 40% by volume

A

formalin (methylene glycol)

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17
Q

formaldehyde is more stable than formalin (T/F)

A

false (formalin is more stable)

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18
Q

a polymer of formaldehyde commonly used in autopsy compound

A

paraformaldehyde

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19
Q

advantages of formaldehyde (6)

A

-inexpensive
-bactericidal
-rapidly destroys enzymes
-inhibits growth of yeasts and molds
-rapidly acts on body proteins
-small amount required for a large amount of tissue

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20
Q

disadvantages of formaldehyde (6)

A

-can coagulate blood
-converts tissue to a gray hue (formaldehyde gray)
-can “fix” discolorations
-dehydrating
-deteriorates with age
-narrow optimal pH (7.3 –7.5)

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21
Q

factors influencing formaldehyde shelf life (5)

A

-temperature
-time
-methanol (anti-polymerizing agent)
-pH
-light

22
Q

strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of solution; usually refers to a percentage

A

index

23
Q

range of formaldehyde considered low index

A

0-18

24
Q

range of formaldehyde considered medium index

A

19-27

25
Q

range of formaldehyde considered high index

A

28-36

26
Q

alternative to formaldehyde for preservation; colorless liquid at room temperature

A

glutaraldehyde (C5H8O2)

27
Q

advantages of glutaraldehyde (6)

A

-liquid at room temperature
-less of an odor than HCHO
-less inhalation exposure
-wider pH range (7.3 –9.0)
-less dehydrating
-produces a softer tissue

28
Q

surface disinfectants that are generally used for disinfection of skin, oral, and nasal cavities, as well as instruments

A

quaternary ammonium compounds (quats)

29
Q

chemicals that increase the capability of tissues to retain moisture; include aloe, glycerol, sorbitol, glycol, lanolin

A

humectants

30
Q

substances capable of maintaining a constant pH by neutralizing both acids and bases; include borax, sodium phosphates, citrates, sodium salt of EDTA

A

buffers

31
Q

agent used to remove elements from the water supply

A

water conditioner

32
Q

substance used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions that binds metallic ions

A

chelate

33
Q

chemical agent that isolates metal ions so they cannot adversely react with blood or water; includes sodium citrate, sodium salt of EDTA

A

sequestering agents

34
Q

chemicals that reduce the molecular cohesion and surface tension of a liquid so that it can flow through smaller apertures; include sulfonates, sodium lauryl sulfate

A

surfactants (surface tension reducers, wetting agents, penetrating agents, surface active agents)

35
Q

low formaldehyde arterial fluid with bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues

A

jaundice fluid

36
Q

chemical used to lighten a skin discoloration

A

bleaching agent

37
Q

technique using active dye in an attempt to cover internal discolorations such as jaundice

A

counterstaining

38
Q

concentrated embalming chemical injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration of the body; can also be used in hypodermic and surface embalming

A

cavity fluid

39
Q

agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form of the structure

A

fixative

40
Q

any chemical used in the preparation of human remains that is not injected into the arterial system or cavities

A

accessory chemical

41
Q

chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb moisture and/or preserve tissue; used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases

A

hardening compound

42
Q

chemical that inactivates saprophytic bacteria and attempts to arrest decomposition by converting body tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition; may have hardening, disinfecting, and/or moisture absorbing properties; often paraformaldehyde based

A

preservative powder

43
Q

hardening compounds, preservative powder, surface applicants, internal/external sealing agents, cauterants, mold inhibitors

A

accessory chemicals

44
Q

preservative chemical actions (5)

A

-inactivation of chemical groups of proteins or amino acids
-inhibition of further decomposition
-inactivation of enzymes
-killing of microorganisms
-destruction of odors and elimination of further odor production

45
Q

a single carbon structure; in embalming, this is the product of the reaction of an aldehyde and protein referred to as a “cross-link”

A

methylene bridge

46
Q

the methylene bridge is formed between two ____ atoms in two proteins and formaldehyde; water is a product

A

nitrogen

47
Q

methylene bridge results (3)

A

-takes away a nutrient source for bacteria
-kills bacteria
-firms tissue at a microscopic level

48
Q

formaldehyde is more effective at forming methylene bridges at multiple sites than glutaraldehyde (T/F)

A

true

49
Q

metabolic by-products such as urea and uric acid which tend to neutralize formaldehyde

A

nitrogenous waste

50
Q

the amount of preservative necessary to properly embalm human remains

A

preservative demand

51
Q

the neutralization product of formaldehyde and ammonia

A

urotropin

PIMS Embalming I (8 decks)

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