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CPR II > Week 6 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Week 6 (Exam 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Black box warning for Isoniazid

A

Fatal Hepatitis

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2
Q

Anti-cholinergic drugs for bronchospasm

A

Atropine: temporary blockade
Ipratropium: Maintenance of asthma
Tiotropium: Long term maintenance
Aclidinium: Long term maintenance

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3
Q

Drug interactions of Peramivir

A

Live Flu Vaccine

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4
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene Inhibitor
Selective and Competitive to D4 and E4 (slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis)
Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
Causes Hepatotoxicity

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5
Q

Tamiflu and the Flu Vaccine

A

Don’t give live flu vaccine (intranasal) within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after Tamiflu is given (it can interfere with the vaccines effectiveness)

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6
Q

Ciclesonide

A

ICS
Maintenance treatment for asthma prophylaxis over 12
Not indicated for acute bronchospasm, candida

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7
Q

Black Box Warnings associated with Micafungin

A

Altered hepatocytes and hepatocellular tumors after a treatment period of or above 3 months in rats
(this is in Europe, not US)

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8
Q

Beclomethason

A 
Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS)
Deadly Adrenal insufficiency can happen when transferred onto it
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9
Q

Neuraminidase Inhibitor MOA

A

Completely inhibit viral neuraminidase enzymes
Prevents viral reproduction by budding from host cell
(the enzyme cleaves Sialic Acid on Glycoproteins on the surface of human cells that helps new visions to exit)

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10
Q

Flucytosine Combo

A

Usually with Liposomal Amphotericin B for Cryptococcal meningitis

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11
Q

Indications for methotrexate

A

Neoplastic Disease
Psoriasis
RA
Interstitial Lung Dz

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12
Q

Warnings and precautions of Amantadine

A

OD causes all kinds of toxicities
Cardiac Dysfunction
Don’t immediately discontinue if you have Parkinson’s
Suicide attempts, exacerbation of mental problems
History of Epilepsy, increased seizures
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Renal Disease (accumulates in plasma w/ decreased fxn)
Parkinsons have increased changes of Melanoma

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13
Q

Metabolism of Voriconazole

A

Interaction w/ CYP2C19 (and CYP2C9, CYP3A4)

Needs dose adaptation for cases of Renal Impairment

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14
Q

Peramivir MOA

A

IV Neuraminidase Inhibitor

Treats patients 18+ symptomatic no more than 2 days

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15
Q

Who should take Baloxavir?

A

People 12+ and symptomatic no more than 2 days

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16
Q

Fluconazole MOA

A

Interrupts conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

Via binding to fungal CYP450, membrane disruption

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17
Q

Black Box warning associated with Azathioprine

A

Malignancy

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18
Q

Nintedanib

A

Kinase inhibitor for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Co-Administration of P-gp and CYP3A4 may increase Nintedanib exposure

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19
Q

Adverse Effects of Amphotericin B

A

CNS (headache chills fever)
Nephrotoxic (esp. deoxycholate version)
Exercise Caution (OD causes cardiac arrest)

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20
Q

MOA of Baloxavir

A

Polymerase Acidic Endonuclease Inhibitor (inhibits virus mRNA replication, transcription)
Treats Acute Uncomplicated Influenza

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21
Q

Prednisone

A

OCS, anti-inflammatory
Also used for certain endocrine conditions
May lead to HPA suppression

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22
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Treats airway obstructions (asthma, emphysema, CB)

Theophylline, Theobromine (in chocolate), Caffeine

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23
Q

Dosing of Atropine and CAD

A

2 - 3mg total

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24
Q

Methylxanthine MOA

A

SM relaxation

Suppression of response of the airway to stimulus

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25
Echinocandins
Cyclic Lipopeptides with N-Linked Acyl Lipid side chain | Capsofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin
26
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Treats Influenza A and B if given within 48 Hours Prophylaxis Neuraminidase Inhibitor
27
When to take Zanamivir
Dont do vaccine within two weeks before or 48 hours after using this medicine Does not prevent a bacterial infection that starts flu-like
28
Fluticasone
ICS | Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 4
29
Budesonide
ICS Maintenance treatment for asthma prophylaxis over 6 Milk protein and status asthmaticus is contraindicated
30
Adverse Effects of Voriconazole
Visual Disturbances, Fever, Etc Both adults and kids
31
Indacaterol and Vilanterol
LABA | Used to treat breathing problems from COPD
32
How does Amantadine work?
We don't know, but it does increase DA Interferes with function of transmembrane domain of viral M2 protein Thats why it treats Parkinsons and the flu
33
Why avoid Peramivir during pregnancy?
Can cause fetal reduced renal papilla and dilated ureters
34
Who is Tamiflu not recommended for?
Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Chronic Kidney Disease Younger than 2 weeks old, or prevent in <1 year old
35
Montelukast
Leukotriene Inhibitor Inhibits LTD4 at the CysLT1 receptor without agonist activity Treats Allergies and prevents asthma attacks
36
ICS MOA
Reduces inflammation by switching off transcription of multiple genes Reduces eosinophils and T lymphocytes and Mast Cells
37
Zileuton
Controlled release only 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (B/C/D/E-4) Prophylaxis and chronic asthma, NOT for acute attack Not for active liver disease w/ enzymes 3x normal
38
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptors
Antagonized by Zafirlukast and Montelukast Orally taken bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory Potentiate Corticosteroid action
39
Warnings associated with Fluconazole
Liver Dysfunction Potential Fetal Harm, Birth Defects QT prolongation / torsade (inhibits Rectifier K Channel, esp bad in its with hypokalemia and other risks) Geriatric Kidney Problems
40
Black box warnings with Flucytosine
Renal impairment caution Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Bone marrow depression
41
Indications for Amphotericin B
Cryptococcus Neoformans | Blastomyces Dermatitidis
42
Indications for Voriconazole
Invasive Aspergillosis Deep tissue Candida Infections, Esophageal Candidiasis Scedosporium Apiospermum and Fusarium
43
Indication for Streptomycin
Pulmonary Tb | Non-Tb limited infections
44
Half life of Amantadine
Range from 10 to 14 hours | Renal function impairment can make it 7-10 days
45
Zanamivir
Inhales, Reduces flu by 1.5 days if started within 48 hours
46
Amphoticerin B and Muscle Relaxants / Digitalis Glycosides
Hyperkalemia exaggeration
47
Warnings associated with Itraconazole
Sx of Liver Disease: N/V, anorexia, yellowing, dark urine Black box for Heart Failure (inotropic effects) Black box for CYP3A4 interactions
48
Contraindications of Voriconazole
``` Galactose Malabsorption Lapp Lactase Deficiencey Glucose Malabsorption Uncorrected Electrolyte Abnormalities Pregnancy ```
49
Most common adverse side effect of Peramivir
Diarrhea | Can also cause hallucinations, bacterial infection, hypersensitivity reactions
50
Black box warning for Mycophenolate
Embryofetal Toxicity, Malignancies, Serious Infection
51
Contra-Indications of Inhaled Zanamivir
Lung disease / breathing problems History of Seizures Allergy to lactose or milk proteins
52
Metabolism of Baloxavir
UGT1A3 | CYP3A4
53
B2 Agonists and Asthma
``` Relax smooth muscle in airway Albuteral (SABA) Terbutaline (SABA, SubQ) Metaproterenol (SABA, Paradoxical bronchospasm) Pirbuterol (SABA, CV effects) Levalbuterol (SABA) ```
54
AmBisome
Amphotericin B intercalated into a liposomal membrane (macrocyclic-polyene-antifungal)
55
Olodaterol
LABA | Long-term, Once-daily maintenance bronchodilator
56
Black Box Warnings for Methotrexate
Death, Fetal Death, BM suppression, Hepatotoxicity, malignancy, skin reactions
57
Half Life of Amphotericin B
Up to 15 days
58
Who shouldn't take Zanamivir?
Children younger than 12
59
Mycophenolate
Its an Immunosuppressive Drug for organ rejection but treats interstitial lung disease
60
Indications for Echinocandins
IV for Systemic Candida infection | Prophylaxis of Candida in Stem Cell Transplants
61
Black Box Warning for Streptomycin
Neurotoxic in patients with impaired renal function or pre renal azotemia
62
Indications of Fluconazole
Candida UTI / Peritonitis / Vaginal Candiasis / Thrush / Prophylaxis of candidiasis with BM transplant
63
Contraindications of Ethambutol
In patients who report visual side effects May decrease visual acuity due to optic neuritis Used to treat Pulmonary Tb
64
Hypersensitivity rxns of Baloxavir
Anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, erythema multiforme
65
Amantadine Side Effects
Falling asleep, fatigue Suicidality and depression Hallucinations / Psychotic Behavior Withdrawal
66
Why avoid giving Peramivir to kids?
Decreased Neutrophil Count, Diarrhea, Vomiting
67
Contraindications of Fluconazole
Coadministration of Terfenadine: QT prolongation | Both use CYP3A4
68
Tamiflu Activation
Activated by Carboxylesterase 1 Isoenzyme (CES1): converts it to Oseltamivir Carboxylate Inhibited by Anti-Platelet agent Clopidogrel
69
Echinocandin MOA
Inhibit b(1,3)-D-Glucan Synthase: Enzyme for integrity of fungal cell wall
70
Black box warnings of Amphotericin B
Only used for life threatening cases
71
Omalizumab
Anti-IgE Antibody for moderate-severe asthma 6+ Also treats chronic idiopathic urticaria 12+ Can cause life-threatening anaphylaxis
72
Flucytosine MOA
Pyrimidine analogue that has activity against fungal species that interferes with purine and pyrimidine metabolism
73
Salmeterol
Laba for patients over 4 | Maintenance for bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced
74
What does Croup Sound Like?
Stridor
75
Isoniazid MOA
Inhibits synthesis of Mycolic Acids / Bacterial cell wall | This is used to treat pulmonary Tb
76
Cystic Fibrosis
AR, CFTR, Cl- Channel, Chromosome 7, chronic lung infections, salty, pancreatic insufficiency, test for Immunoreactive Trypsinogen
77
Warnings of Rifampin
Liver Toxicity | CYP450 Inducer
78
Fomoterol
LABA for patients older than 5 as add-on Maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in COPD All LABAs increase risk of asthma related deaths
79
Indications for Azathioprine
Adjunct for prevention of rejection in renal transplant Active RA Interstitial Lung Dz
80
Mometasone
ICS Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 4 Dont take with milk protein hypersensitivity
81
Indications for Rifampin
Treats Pulmonary Tb and the Meningococcal carriers
82
Warnings and precautions of Baloxavir
Secondary Bacterial Infections
83
Pregnancy and the flu
Give antiviral Oseltamavir or Zanaivir stat!
84
What doses of Amphotericin B do you need to start verifying before giving?
Anything above 1.5 mg/kg
85
Flunisolide
ICS Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 6 May reduce or eliminate need for oral corticosteroids
86
MOA of Amphotericin B
Binds to the Sterol of a cell membrane leading to alterations in cell permeability and cell death Also binds to cholesterol component of mammalian cell (Nephtotoxic)
87
Triamcinolone
ICS Maintenance treatment of asthma prophylaxis over 4 Not for acute bronchospasm, or pt requringing systemic Deaths due to adrenal insufficiency have occurred
88
Indications for Itraconazole
Aspergillus Dematiaceous molds Sporothrix Schenckii
89
Contraindications of Pyrazinamide
Severe Hepatic Damage Acute Gout This drug is used to treat pulmonary Tb

CPR II (8 decks)

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