Week 6: Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
(86 cards)
What is a protein released by blood cells to destroy invading foreign organisms or substances?
Antibody
What is a substance that, on entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response?
Antigen
anti = against
gen = forming, producing, origin
Anything that causes an immune response.
What is a type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues?
Autoimmune
auto = self, same
What are microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the smallest veins (venules) of the circulatory system?
Capillaries
What is a the production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow; also called hemopoiesis?
Hematopoiesis
hemat/o = blood
poiesis = formation, production
What is the defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies?
What is the decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism?
Immune response
Immunodeficiency
What is the fluid between cells and in tissue spaces?
Interstitial fluid
What is a type of white blood cell (WBC) found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions in the body’s immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (antigens)?
What are large WBCs formed in bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis?
Lymphocyte
lymph = lymph
Monocytes
mono = one
What is a branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)?
Oncology
onc/o = tumor
What are any microorganisms capable of producing disease?
Pathogens
What is a collection of blood or a blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient?
Transfusion
What is the study of blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissues? Who are those specialized in this medicine?
Hematology
Hematologists
Historically, hematologists were the first to use chemical therapies (chemotherapy) to treat hematological malignancies. With time, it was discovered that these treatments could also be effective on the so-called solid tumors, such as breast, lung, and stomach cancers (previously treated only with surgery). Consequently, hematology became closely associated with the medical specialty of oncology. Oncological terms are included throughout all body systems.
What is the study of the body’s protection from invading organisms and its responses to them?
Immunology
What is a major function of blood?
What are the two main components of blood?
The major function of blood is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from the cells.
The two main components of blood are plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]), leukocytes (white blood cells [WBCs]), and platelets or thrombocytes (clotting cells).
Where are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets produced?
In the bone marrow.
What are the four main blood types?
What are the blood type groups based on?
What do the antigens on the RBCs known as that stimulate production of antibodies?
A, B, AB, and O.
The presence or absence of A or B antigens on the RBCs.
Markers
What can happen if someone receives a transfusion of the wrong blood type?
Incompatible transfusions can result in serious, possibly fatal, reactions. For example, antibodies contained in type A blood and type B blood can cause each other to agglutinate (clump together). Because type O blood does not contain A or B antigens, type O blood may be given to a person with any of the other blood type.
What is a universal donor?
A person with type O blood.
What is a universal recipient?
A person with type AB blood.
What are the other antigen factors called that are not referring to blood types?
Rh factors
When these antigens are present on RBCs, the blood type is further classified as Rh-positive (Rh+). When these antigens are not present, the blood type is classified as Rh-negative (Rh–). A person with Rh+ blood may receive a transfusion with Rh+ or Rh– blood. However, a person with Rh– blood can receive a transfusion with only Rh– blood.
What is a system that consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and three organs: the tonsils, thymus, and spleen?
The lymphatic system.
Where does the lymph come from and what does it contain?
It comes from the blood.
It contains WBCs (leukocytes) responsible for immunity, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
How is interstitial fluid created?
When certain components of blood plasma filter through tiny capillaries into the space between the cells, called interstitial (or intercellular) spaces.
inter = between
stit = standing or positioned
What thin-walled vessels absorb most interstitial fluid from the interstitial (or intercellular) spaces?
At this point of absorption, interstitial fluid becomes lymph and passes through lymphatic tissue called?
Lymph capillaries
Lymph nodes
The nodes are located in clusters in such areas as the neck (cervical lymph nodes), under the arm (axillary lymph nodes), pelvis (iliac lymph nodes), and groin (inguinal lymph nodes). These nodes act as filters against foreign materials. Eventually, lymph reaches large lymph vessels in the upper chest and reenters the bloodstream.
