week 6 notes

Question 1

true or false: the most effective way to select intervention targets is to choose early developing and stimulable phonemes/patterns

Answer 1

FALSE; the clinician is choosing very complex targets and pairing it w/ maximally distinct sound. this helps w/ generalization and is the fastest approach

Question 2

what is PPK?

Answer 2

productive phonological knowledge

Question 3

true or false: choosing targets w/ the least PPK helps you learn more and is not stimulable

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

according to the complexity approach, describe the considerations for choosing phonemic targets

Answer 4

-pair words or nonwords
-pairing two new maximally distinct phonemes most efficacious

Question 5

define marked sounds

Answer 5

not always across languages which includes affricates, interdentals, and palatals

Question 6

define unmarked sounds

Answer 6

common sounds across languages like bilabials

Question 7

Hierarchical relationships:
consonants imply….

Answer 7

vowels

Question 8

Hierarchical relationships:
true clusters (all but sp, st, and sk) imply….

Answer 8

affricates

Question 9

Hierarchical relationships:
affricates imply…

Answer 9

fricatives

Question 10

Hierarchical relationships:
fricatives imply…

Answer 10

stops

Question 11

Hierarchical relationships:
liquids imply…

Answer 11

nasals

Question 12

Hierarchical relationships:
voiced obstruents imply…

Answer 12

voiceless obstruents

Question 13

so to sum it up, the hierarchical relationships imply that…

Answer 13

If you can produce xx sound then you can produce xx sound

Question 14

— approach is better proven by research in comparison to —- approach

Answer 14

complexity; cycles

Question 15

consonant cluster targets such as – – + – were observed to result in changes in many other clusters and singletons (single phonemes)

Answer 15

fl, sl, and bl

Question 16

overall, intervention targets in the complexity approach are typically:

Answer 16

constants + clusters
linguistically complex
nonstimuable
later developing
consistently in error
reflect least PPK

Question 17

what are the three why’s of the complexity approach?

Answer 17

learnability, complexity, and linguistics

Question 18

true or false: you must target rhyming before initial sound or onset rime segmentation (Integrated phonological awareness approach)

Answer 18

FALSE; there is no evidence that a child must acquire rhyming first

Question 19

describe a sample activity to support phonological awareness

Answer 19

phoneme matching;
“let’s find all the things that start with /r/ and put them here. Then find all the things that start with /g/ and put them here”

Question 20

letters are what we xx and sounds are what we xx

Answer 20

see; hear

Question 21

which key components of cycles approach ate NOT fully supported by empirical evidence?

Answer 21

1. teaching stimulable sounds only
2. auditory bombardment

Question 22

which recommended target in the cycles approach is actually a complex target?

Answer 22

/s/ clusters before singleton /s/

Question 23

what are the components of a cycles therapy session?

Answer 23

-review
-auditory bombardment
-elicitation activities
-metaphonological activities
-probe
-auditory bombardment (again)
-home practice

Question 24

which component of a cycles therapy session is specifically intended to support children’s literacy?

Answer 24

metaphonological awareness

Question 25

---- ----- serves as a foundation for speech perception and production

Answer 25

phonological representation